Key Problems Facing the World Essay Example for Free

Key Problems Facing the World EssayAlmost half the worlds population now go in urban argonas and, as cities grow even larger, conditions for civil cities are likely to get worse. This continuously swelling population, if not properly addressed, will trail to several very serious problems. Three of the most critical key problems are increasing pollution, global warming, and worsening social conditions. Firstly, pollution is abundant in cities due to dangerous gases being released into the atmosphere and toxic effluents being dumped daily into streams and rivers. These cause significant pollution of air and water.This sorry scenario is the result of billions of selfish decisions do by millions of uncaring individuals. Next, cutting down of trees and forests to make way for agriculture and human habitation causes destructive floods to occur, animals to be deprived of their habitat and become extinct, and temperatures to rise. Ironically, the connection and support of government s and corporations in the name of development is like adding salt to the wound. Thirdly, having to leave homes for education and/or work in cities is tearing apart family relationships.Gone are the traditional family values like filial piety and closeness of blood relations. Such great increases in the urban population numbers lead to related to problems like insufficient homes, lack of schools and poor health and sewerage facilities. Finally, immigration to cities can be likened to fire. If used well, it can spread warmness, Otherwise, destruction of lives and property would result. on that point must be proactive programmes so that the population, like fire, can be harnessed positively.

Determinants and Consequences of Early Marriage in Java Essay Example for Free

Determinants and Consequences of Early Marriage in Java EssayThis study analyzes the determinants and patterns of early labor union and explores its consequences on marital dissolution, bat location and occupation, migration, and contraceptive use in Java, Indonesia. Data from the 1991 Demographic and Health Survey are obtained on 5816 ever so married women, 15-49 years old, living on Java. Early marriage occurs among women before age 20. Subjects are grouped as residing in Jakarta, Bandung, Semarang, Jogyakarta, and Surabaya residing in townships and other urban areas and residing in rural areas. Findings indicate that 70% of ever married women in Java married early. Almost 80% of women who were reared in villages married early. 81.2% who still live in rural areas married early. 20% had no formal education. 74% of Muslim women married early. 79% without work before marriage married early. Dissolution was more common among women living in rural areas. 31% of women in rural ar eas, 20% living in big cities, and 23% living in towns were no longer in their for the first time marriages. Women who married early were 3 times more likely to experience dissolution than women who married later. The percentage of women whose first marriages ended was highest among women who were married the longest.The effect of marriage age on current working status and the pattern of working status between early and late marriage were not significant. 80% had ever used contraception. Women who married late were more mobile and were more likely to have a higher occupational status. Logistic findings indicate that womens education, work status before marriage, husbands education, and current residence were significant predictors of early marriage. Education was the strongest predictor. The opportunity of dissolution was highest among uneducated, early married, Muslim women living in big cities. The lowest probability was among later married women, living in small cities, and wit h a tertiary level of education.

All Roads lead to China and its economy

either Roads lead to china and its economy The article All Roads lead to chinaw are dated 5th December 2009 in The Star Bizweek focuses on Chinas rise as an economic powerhouse, with the stage set to receive the largest economy of the world. Continuous rapid economic development till date has placed China right at the heels of United States and Japan. After a market-orientated make better programme in mid-seventies, China turned into the centre of attraction for foreign investments from all everywhere the world. The nations importance in the global economy is evident with its judicature policies and local companies actions being closely monitored. The staggering population in China of 1.3 billion provides an attractive customer base besides serving as a cheap labour force. In line with a boom in the manufacturing sector, Chinas demand for raw materials also propels correspondingly. This has not only transformed the way in which commodities are traded, but also led China to in dulge in the acquisition of foreign assets and the formation of alliances with resource-rich countries. Despite of downbeats ranging from the low quality of goods produced to the accusation and allegation aimed towards China, the China economy is still going strong with corporations envisioning to compete against other established international players. The introduction of the market-orientated reform programme in 1970s do clearly seems to be a masterful move which has resulted in China enjoying rapid yet encouraging economic developments over the age. In addition, with a much improved and predictable legal system in practice, the republic seems to have strummed the right note in the global economy game, with investments pouring in from different parts of the world. It is indeed amazing to think how the China economy has managed to emerge as one of the dominant force in such brusk time span. With such thriving potential and capacity of the China economy, no wonder it is by no boa st to claim that any business considering itself to be a global player has to enter the China market, as stated in the article. The major gain that China enjoys and has successfully utilized over the years is the huge population which provides a cheap, appealing labour force for industries, particularly the manufacturing sector. Though China is not able to match with tech-savvy nations such Japan, they have mum the population advantage which they gain over other countries and thus embark on a labour-intensive-centered economy development. On top of that, a competitive adjoin too serves as a catalyst in Chinas economic development. Low wage may seem to be a fair reason to exempt Chinas competitiveness, but Kwan (2002) pointed out that the productivity of Chinese workers also has to be taken into account as a factor in Chinas competitiveness. He explains that though China pays low wage for their workers like how Bangladesh and Somalia pay their respective workers, the relatively h igh productivity of Chinese workers has placed their competitiveness on par with United States. This indicates wherefore till date, there has yet to be any countries able to match up with the cost advantage of companies based or branched in China. Amidst of the advantage discussed above, there are several setbacks occurring concurrently with Chinas economic progress. The first revolves around Chinas very own legal system. Though Chinas legal system has been more ordered and predictable with businesses enjoying a smoother entrance into the republics market, it still has its flaws and could still prove to be an obstacle for companies venturing into China. Recently, BBC (2010) reported a struggle between Google and the Chinese presidency with the former threatening to pull out of the nation due to cyber attacks and tight surveillance by the Chinese government to limit freedom of speech in the internet. With China continuously imposing tight regulatory and censorship rules over the i nternet while Google holding firm to its stand of prioritizing moral concerns ahead of businesses, the conflict has demonstrated that Chinas restricted openness will to certain extent hold back the republics potential to expand its economy. Additionally, there is also the factor of quality that China has to seriously look into. The recent years have saw Chinas exports raising safety concerns all around the world. The people worldwide are basically getting cheap goods at the expense of their health and safety. At the same time, the reliability and durability of China-made products have also raised concerns and dissatisfactions from the outside world. From toothpaste to pet food to toys recalled over the years, the quality control in China seemingly to have deteriorated from bad to worse. Of all the quality flops, the most serious case saw tens of thousands hospitalized due to melamine-contaminated dairy products. The s give the axedal not only tarnished the nations image, but it has also puts Chinas credibility and ethical responsibility into question.Moving on, Chinas domination in the global economy will concisely be severely tested with the issue of inflation surfacing in line with the prosperous developments. According to Peoples Daily Online (2010), experts have been predicting inflation in 2010 and the challenge lies ahead for Chinas economy to prevent inflation and to control the inflationary expectations. With increased demand for commodities due to rising consumption power, inflation do seem infallible for China and it would be interesting to see how the Chinese government will deal with this upcoming obstacle.Although Chinas economy has progressed immensely for the past 30 years, there are certain areas that still can be further improved to allow further expansion of the promising market. In the legal matters prospect, China could have condition its legal system a thorough review to widen its doors to companies such as Google to encourage more pot ential investments. On the other hand, China can address to the problem of low quality goods by tightening the quality control regulation to regain consumers confidence towards China-made products. If the relevant problems have been attended and rectify accordingly, it is only a matter of time before China replaces United States at the top of the rankings.ReferencesBBC (2010) Google may pull out of China after Gmail cyber attack Online, Available http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8455712.stm accessed 11 January 2010Kwan, C.H. (2002) The Myth of China Competitiveness, Online, Available http//www.rieti.go.jp/en/miyakodayori/047.html accessed 11 January 2010Peoples Daily Online (2010) Experts Preventing inflation is the biggest challenges for Chinas economy in 2010 Online, Available http//english.people.com.cn/90001/90778/90862/6871595.html accessed 11 January 2010BibliographyICIS.com (2007) China product quality under spotlight Online, Available http//www.icis.com/Articles/2007/08/06/9049799/ china-product-quality-under-spotlight.html accessed 11 January 2010

Business Empowerment Using ICT In Poultry Farming Commerce Essay

Business Empowerment utilisation ICT In bird Farming Commerce EssayThis study investigates factors affecting bird farmers in Fufore Local Government argona of Adamawa State, Nigeria. It also discusses ways through which these farmers can be empowered through the use of ICT. In this look for, mixed research methods were adopted in obtaining the data that was used this includes the quantitative and qualitative research methods. The study discovered that a general support to build up the domestic fowl production is necessary in the ara of ICT and business to empower their businesses. This is necessary for extensive improvements in the contribution of the project to domestic production and economic easy being of poor farmers. Also this research demonstrates that the implication of high degree ICT may have extremely excellent effects on empowering business to the exposelandish Farmers and also increase their economic development, by providing the fowl farmers with well access to ICT, to fire their business to greater and better general and global markets.Introduction fowl husbandry is maven of the major forms of Agriculture practiced in Nigeria and legion(predicate) other countries in the world. It provides employment with high income to many both in the country-style and urban empowers. For example, the United States, The average net income of poultry farmers can vary from $13,900 per year to $20,000 or more per year. (Poultry Farmer Job Description, 2010). Apart from this, poultry domain also contributes to the gross domestic product GDP of many countries. Based on the research we conducted, we found out that poultry generates about 27% of the line shargon contribution to Nigerians gross domestic product (GDP). Poultry Eggs and meat contribution of the livestock sh are of the GDP increased from 26% to 27% in 1999 (Ojo, 2003). Based on this statistics and the neglect of poultry farming by the Nigerians Government especially in the unpolished ar eas, we intend to show the untaught poultry farmers how they can empower their poultry business by using ICT and some of the recent technological devices.In this paper, we will be focusing our research on a farming(prenominal) part of Adamawa State know as Fufore Local Government Area. Fufore is a small town (a local government) located in the southerly part of Adamawa State. The town is mostly dominated by the Fulani tribe of Adamawa state. studyity of them are into cattle rearing and poultry farming while a a couple of(prenominal) of them are into farming. The main aim of this research is to introduce ICT to these rural people and show them ways they can use it to improve their business.Fufore poultry famersThe poultry famers of this neck of the woods (Fufore) are practicing the kind of poultry farming know as the backyard poultry farming. In this kind of backyard poultry farming, they rear their poultry chicken in the backyard quadriceps of their house instead of putting th em in a chicken coop. A chicken coop is a structure where live chickens are kept all on a chicken homestead or, in our case, a backyard chicken farm (My Back Yard Chicken farm 2007).The kind of poultry farming practiced by these people has so many disadvantages, because in our opinion, the most pregnant aspect of poultry farming is the living accommodations. This is because poultry chickens are fragile and they well get infected by diseases, harsh weather e.t.c which ends up killing many of the chickens if not wipe up the entire poultry. To avoid this, it is expected that the chickens are kept in an isolated place that is clean and well protected. A chicken house is not solitary(prenominal) designed as a place for keeping chickens or shelter for your hens to lay their chicken eggs, but for protection as well. Protecting your chickens from cold drafts or other sorts of poor weather should be your 1 concern when building your first chicken coop. (My Back Yard Chicken farm 2007).M ethodologyMixed research method is used in this research, both quantitative and qualitative. Hence using survey data was collected from poultry farmers where some also practiced aquaculture residing in rural areas of Adamawa state, Nigeria.The population consists of rural dwellers and most of its inhabitants depend on subsistence poultry farming, crop production, and animal herding. The word rural can be defined as places with low level of serve (e.g transport, water, and medical services), non-urban settlements ( much(prenominal) as Fufore villages) and a very high incidence of poverty ( IJEDICT, 2008).Geographically, the Fufore areas utilize both raining rainy season and dry season utilizing the river patois of Benue. It is purely a domestic food producing community. Interviews with some elders in the community show all tribes have their own pattern of traditional industries. There are lots of tribes such as Bata, Verre, Laka and Pere and the largest the Fulani tribes all largel y professing the Islamic faith. Some of their local industries include, stools, mortals, pestles, hoe handles, axe handles, axe, hoe etc (Ayaga 2009).Using structured questionnaire to oppugn the respondents who are poultry farmers. In some situation where our respondents cannot understand English, their native language namely Fulani was used as medium of communication. This present finding on Which poultry farming resources are used by rural poultry farmers? Which ICT resources are used by rural poultry farmers and why? How do ICTs enhance rural poultry farmers and quality of life? What problems those poultry farmers experience when accessing and using ICTs.Profile of RespondentsRespondents were between the ages of 20 40 yrs. The respondents were asked questions that sought to determine personal development with regard to their field of occupation, education. These were questions common to the rural environment. fudge of ICTs used by rural people n=10 to access educational, busin ess/trade, health, poultry farming.Table Shows use and availability of ICTs in the rural areas of Fufore districtICTsEducation of poultry farmingBusiness of Poultry farmHealth of poultryRadio77%88%65%Television38%21%19%Films15%13%7%Cell-phone5%8%2%Telephone1% paintingComputer/internet1%Respondents felt that ICTs were too costly or entirely unavailable. ICTs particularly the radio and TV are what the often see and sometimes use to listen to current affairs and music which highly enrich their lives. In this rural area computer/internet and mobile phone is just seen or available in this area. Most likely only the community chief can afford computer/internet or mobile phone.Major Challenges Faced by Fufore Poultry FarmersThe poultry farmers in this region are faced with a lot of problems ranging from technological to housing. Some of these problems includes Lack of conducive cash machine for poultry (coop), Lack of efficient machineries for the poultry, lack of proper maintenance of th e poultry, lack of efficient medication for the chickens.Lack of efficient machineriesBased on our research, we found out that these farmers not only do not use machineries for their poultry, but they dont even know about these machineries not to think of using them. With the attend to to ICT, we will be able to introduce these poultry farmers to some of the machineries that will help promote their poultry business. An example of machinery that is used for poultry is the egg incubator. The egg incubator comprises a transparent chamber and the equipment that regulates its temperature,humidity, and ventilation. For years, the principle uses for the controlled environment provided by egg incubators is used for hatching poultryeggs (Frank 1991). The first incubators were used in ancient mainland China and Egypt, where they consisted of fire-heated board in which fertilized chicken eggs were placed to hatch, thereby freeing the hens to continue laying eggs. Later, wood stoves and alcoh ol lamps were used to heat incubators. Today, poultry incubators are large rooms, electrically heated to bear on temperatures between 99.5 and 100 degrees Fahrenheit (37.5 and 37.8 degrees Celsius). Fans are used to circulate the heated air evenly over the eggs, and the rooms humidity is set at about 60 percent to minimize the evaporationof water from the eggs. In addition, outside air is pumped into theincubatorto maintain a constant oxygen level of 21 percent, which is normal for fresh air. As many as 100,000 eggs may be nurtured in a large commercial incubator at one time, and all are rotated a minimum of 8 times a day passim the 21-dayincubation period (Frank 1991). With recent technology, there are small egg incubators that fit up to 30 eggs and cost ranging from $49.95 dollars. These incubators are cheap and with the charge of these incubators, the rural fufore poultry famers will be able to hatch the eggs of their chickens. By so doing, they will save a lot of cost purcha sing chicks. An example of this kind of incubator can be seen below.Lack of proper housing for poultryThe poultry farmers around here lack proper housing for their chickens. Instead of caging the chickens in an isolated area to prevent them from getting infected by some diseases and also to help insure their safety from animals like cats and dogs, they exclusively allow them to roam about in the backyard during the day. At night, they lock them up in a room where they spend the night. In order words, the chickens are only allowed to kick in in the day time. All this is because they lack a proper housing because, in a well organized and standard poultry farm, they chickens feed day and night with the aid of light at night. This makes them get mature on time and also insure more productivity.Lack of MedicationsMedication is an important aspect of poultry this is because poultry chickens are fragile and easily gets infected by germs and diseases. Based on our research, we found out t hat poultry disease is one of the major difficulty those farmers are facing. According to one of them named Musa, we lack medicines for these chickens and because of this, when one of the chickens is affected the others also follow suit and without proper medication which we lack, it results to the death of many (Musa, 2010).Lack of skills for poultry managementThe poultry farmers here lack the basic skills of managing and running a poultry farm. The farmers simply concentrate on the eggs that the chickens produce, and postcode else. They depend on those eggs as the major and only source of their poultry income meanwhile the eggs are just one of the sources of income of a poultry. With the aid of ICT, we will be able to show these people some ways they can make money out of the poultry farm apart from the gross revenue of eggs. Some of these include slaughtering the old less productive chickens and supplying the meat to an organization like the American University of Nigeria or fas t food like Yahaya Restaurant. Using their remains as manure on their farms or selling them to the farmers e.t.cProposed ModelGiven an increasing digital divide, we need to ensure that the benefits of new technologies, especially ICT, are available to all. (UN 2000). To achieve this and empower poultry farmers on the use of ICT, the government should do the followingEstablish Telecentres (Information admission price Centers).Telecentres will provide poultry farmers instruction services on in the area of health of poultry, efficient poultry farming techniques, pest management, possible poultry business activities and market price selective information as well as skills training. The use of Telecentres should be free. The description includes the multipurpose community centre whose aim to demonstrate how to use technology for Poultry farming. The telecenters guard web-sourced information made available through various media such projectors, televisions, radio. Telecentres should h ave a website that has links to other websites which carry rich content on Poultry farming techniques, pest management, possible poultry business activities and market price information. Village telecenters should be equipped with computers with Internet capability, fax machines, telephones, televisions, VCRs and various printed materials. The village telecenters should also be network-linked with those established in other neighboring rural telecentres this will facilitate the exchange of experiences, information, and advertisement of community produce. Telecentres should provide services like interpreter telephony to fax, Internet and videoconferencing services to rural poultry farmers.. Telecentre requires the involvement of various institutions for the information processing and dissemination activities. Telecentres will also enlighten the rural dwellers of Fufore on information on basic government services such as health care, information for farmers and other essential support services in rural areas which the inhabitants are interested thus increase the use of ICT. Telecentres staffs should be well trained and have the eager and potential to learn in order to help rural poultry farmers who cannot read and write to get the appropriate information they need.Public call offices/ human beings comprise phonesThe government should install public pay phones or public call offices in rural area of Fufore. This will improve both connectivity and accessibility in rural Fufore by providing various levels and types of public ICT opportunities in the area. The objective is to provide information about poultry farming, e-commerce, ensure financial sustainability and bringing benefits directly to the local poultry farmers.Advantages of ICT to Poultry farmers in the rural areasBetter Access to price information of Poultry productsWith the use of ICT poultry farmers can be aware best prices of their products. Poultry Farmers in rural areas such as fufore are often foun d to be unaware of the value of their Poultry products ( e.g eggs, chickens ) markets. Poultry farmers often find themselves in a poor negotiating smirch with customers in the price of chickens and feeds, which farmers pay an inflated price for. Farmers are unaware of opportunities within their surrounding regions for example which poultry breeds and commodities are fetching higher prices in surrounding towns which products are in high demand, and so on. Accurate information on market standards can help the farmers in their cash returns.Better Access to national and international Markets.It is important to work towards increasing the level of access of information farmers have to potential markets, to facilitate contact between sellers and buyers, promote uncouth exports, facilitate online trading, and make producers aware of potential market opportunities including consumer and price trends in international markets.Greater access to poultry and agricultural informationLocal farme rs with the use if ICT will be educated concerning better practices in poultry farming, such as access information about poultry health thereby lessen disease of chickens(e.g Newcastle disease). And also to bridge the gap between information needs of farmers and the information provided, which is insufficiently localized and overly scientific in its presentation. With access to poultry farming/ agricultural information will give farmers greater awareness about new adapting techniques on droughts, changing weather, diseases and pests and hence increase their production efficiency. certaintyThis empowerment will go a long way in changing the lives of not only Fufore poultry farmers, but it will serve as enlightenment to as many Rural Poultry farmers as possible. If adopted, it will perceive an improvement in their income, social status get greater intelligence of confidence in poultry business. ICT will ensure the provision of the following to the rural dwellers Employment, change market access, improved negotiation position, change in their levels of income, improved levels of cooperation, improved access to information about efficiency and production methods, improved infrastructure/connectivity in the rural areas and access to price information among others.

Organisations Motivational Practices and Reward Systems

Organisations motivational Practices and Reward SystemsIn this task, what I bemuse tried to accomplish is to outline how an organisations motivational practices and rewards systems heap be implement with the help of contrasting motivational theories. For any organisation to be successful they withdraw to motivate their pee-peeforce to change by reversal split so that they gouge dress better, hence providing quality service to the patients.Over the last century organisations establish been dealing with the problems of having a technical aspect to the business and alike a hearty aspect. Therefore, it is evident that the requirement of the people (employees) must be fulfilled in order to run a business successfully. There stir been distinct motivational theories addressed with various rewards systems. However, here is what I believe that HNT should follow.I would like to descry theories of Mayo, Maslow and Herzberg to be implemented in HNT for the best possible results. Mayo has talked or so the Theory of human relations that concentrates on cardinal main factors that isThe importance of teamwork The sense of team spirit and doing what the team expected always ontogenys motivation and the resembling can be done for Hargreen hospital. Sm entirely teams can be made and given responsibilities.The need for managers to lead an interest in their workers (Hawthorne effect) If the superior assigns interest in what their subordinates are doing and closely communicates hence that gives a sense of importance and boosts up the morale of the employee.HNT needs to do the same in their organisation.Mayo received slightly criticism over his guess as well. It is said that the experiment carried out by Mayo are far from being scientific. Only groups with small cast of workers were observed and the later experiments possess failed to confirm the findings. Another thing that has been shoot fored out from Mayos possible action is that the goals of manager s lead not be the same as for the worker patronage their best effort. Trade may see these efforts as managements attempt to fool workers into boosting productivity.Maslow on the other hand talks to the highest degree the hierarchy of needs. HNT should use this to extrapolate what their employees want and how can they provide it to them. The hierarchy is as followsSelf actualisation it means that HNT should arrange training, challenges and opportunities to develop the skills of employees.Esteem needs HNT should give rewards for achievements, promotion and status. kip down and be considerableing needs There should be opportunities for teamwork, social facilities and a positive working relationship between the employees.Safety needs The organisation must see aim sure that on that point are high standards of health and safety with job surety and no bullying culture.Physiological needs Organisations must soften prissy salaries to enable the needs of employees to be met. The work ing hours should be comfortable and so should be the condition.There select been some opponents for Maslows hierarchy as they find the theory unconvincing on various grounds. They argue that any generalisation about trains of human needs is bound to have exceptions. There are cases where businesses would find that thither are workers who are not interested in gaining praise or developing their personal skills. Workers like artists can raze ask for creativity need before financial rewards. Another thing that is to be taken into account is that even if Maslows theory is good, it would be possible for workers to hold all levels of needs at the same workplace. If a person is satisfied with his or her salary then other levels of needs might not be that significant.Herzbergs Two-factor theory is also something that intrigues me. It has two set of factorsMotivators These motivate the workers by providing job comfort includingSense of achievementRecognition of effortInteresting workRes ponsibilityHygiene factors Everything that can establish dissatisfaction in the workplace are related to the working environment likeCompany policyRelationship with supervisor and colleaguesPay and statusSecurityA major problem with Herzbergs theory according to several researches has shown that it cannot be applied to all workers in all(prenominal) business. Some jobs like low skilled cannot be enriched that easily and many workers may not see responsibility or advancement.In the above discussion I have tried to discuss different motivational theories and have illustrated their pros and cons. A mixture of these three motivational theories should be implemented in HNT. Rewards and recognitions both should be given in the shape of financial as in some sort of bonus or a paid trip to vacation spot sponsored by the family. Non financial acknowledgement can be given as a promotion or certificate or letter of appreciation that leave behind make the employee looking good about worki ng hard and give make them even much determined and hard working than before.BTEC topic Certificate in BusinessUnit 16- benignant RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESSTask 2 (P4)Cooperation through contract of employment and employment involving techniquesIn this section, I impart try to show the significance of cooperation in an organisation. The cooperation at any level in any company needs to be from both ends that is from the management side and the employee side. The two factors that slide by the some for the cooperation are the contract of employment and the employment involving techniques.For HNT to survive and retreat its good reputation that is being lost at the moment they need to have consent from both sides that is the employer and the employee. With the cooperation of both parties only it is possible to have a successful plan implemented and getting the desired results.Contract of employment clear illustrates the legal injury and conditions to which both employer a nd employee has to abide by. If one of them violates the policy then the contract forget be dismissed. Contracts states the date of beginning with employer and employee name on it. It clearly shows the responsibilities of both parties and what policies and procedures needs to be followed in the organisation. Like for HNT it will be mentioned that they are bound to pay the stated amount of salary on the contract to the compensate and if they fail to do so they can be accountable for that. The same goes for the employee if they dont work for the stated amount of hours then HNT has the the right way to deduct their salaries according or penalise the employee.Along different aspects that are covered in the contract, one of the important aspects mentioned is conditions of work and service. In that paragraph says conditions may include the followingThe return of hours to be worked When HNT is signing a contract with its employees the number of hours worked by individuals should be cle arly stated. There are some limitations even according to visa policies and the employees should be asked to work within their limits.Appointment and termination The clauses for appointment and termination are also mentioned where the employee and management is addressed to all responsibilities that are required to be adhered. The conditions in which an employee can be terminated are also explicitly mentioned so that when the contract is formed the employee exactly knows about it.The designation of the job The designation for which an employee has been chartered in the company will be mentioned on each and every contract. If an employee is a heart surgeon then his or her designation will be clearly written on the contract.Pay What will be the salary of the employee being hired needs to be mentioned. Things like how the salary is paid? go out it be a basic salary or will it also be commission based? These things should be mentioned for HNT to be on safer side and for the employee a s well.Benefits If HNT plans to give out benefits to their employee then they should be written in the contract as well. It will tell what benefits are available to the employee and when.Disciplinary procedures This shows what action will be taken by the Hargreen hospital if there is a problem with doctors and nurses or the low skilled workers. Action is taken only if the employees in Hargreen infirmary fail to comply with the disciplinary or organisational rules and regulations or if doctors and nurses do full fill their responsibilities. It is important to Hargreen Hospital because if the doctors and nurses knows what action will be taken for archetype if it states that breaking rules leads to dismissal, this will encourage doctors and nurses not to break the rules so that they can to retain their job in Hargreen Hospital. It is important to the Hargreen Hospital because it can easily take action if doctor and nurses misbehaves because it was written in the contract. The contrac t of employment forces the employees to change their behaviour and behaviour according to the rules and regulations of Hargreen Hospital and this case the employee cooperates with the employerNotice If an employee needs to chip in the job or if the company is not happy with the performance of an employee there should be a notice period of at least one calendar month that both the parties of HNT, management and employee, must obey.Grievance procedures If there are complaint or issues by the employees of HNT there should a procedure mentioned in the contract that should guide the employees as to what they need to do to make a point.Employee rights All the rights that are being possessed by the employee must be mentioned in clear row in the contract. If any employee wants to have maternity leave at HNT then it is their right to be given a paid leave and it should be written in the contract.All contracts have some express terms that are normally mentioned in the terms and conditions o r the policy and procedure sections. These are the terms that are stated explicitly to make sure that both parties abide by them. For face the leave system, it can be explicitly stated that an employee cannot take more than 20 days paid leave. There are some implied terms as well that are automatically included to every contract. For example the Data Protection Act. If the company ask the employee to disclose sensitive data like religion, sexual orientation or the employee faces racial discrimination then the company is accountable for that and can be taken to the court of nearice at any time. There are individual labour laws that protect employees fromDiscrimination HNT have to make sure that there is no display of discrimination from their side on the basis of age, race or disability. For example if a patient is discriminated i.e. ascribable to his or her age, gender, race or colour, that patient has the right to report that doctor to court or to the authorities. Hargreen Hospi tal could then carry out an investigation and also provide further training for the medical staff.Pay All employees doing similar jobs must be paid the same amount of money otherwise the employee has the right to hold HNT accountable in court.Absences HNT have to make sure they provide paid leave to the employees especially maternity leaves and the employees have the right to ask for these leaves.Dismissay Employees of HNT have the right not to be dismissed on disciplinary action for trade union activity or on health and safety grounds. health and Safety Regulations The health and safety regulations relate to the physical environment of Hargreen Hospital, relates to aspects like safety entry and exit routes, safe working environment, and safe equipment which also relates to theory of motivating staff by Frederick Herzberg who believed that employees are only motivated if their hygiene factors are met first and then the organisation can use them to work harder. He believed that if th e working conditions in an organisation are unsafe, then the employees will remain demotivated and if the organisation has safe working environment, the safe will be motivated. If doctors in Hargreen Hospital have safe equipments, they will use these equipments effectively to finish their jobs quickly for example during surgery and examinations.All these above stated points will give government agency to both the employer and the employee and provide them a good healthy relation to work together that will result in better performance of Hargreen hospital and lesser employee turnover rate.Employment involving techniques It is another way of achieving organisational cooperation between the two parties. Its not just the legal binding between the employer and the employee that makes the work together but different techniques can be used that involves them both to work together. Here are some examplesQuality Circle HNT can assign a group of employees (doctors, nurses, technicians etc) below supervision to identify, analyse and solve work-related problems and present their solutions to management in order to improve the performance of the organization, and motivate and enrich the work of employees.Suggestion scheme The company can also implement a suggestion scheme where all employees will have the right to give in their suggestion regarding a plastered problem and then the management will address to it in the best possible bearing and try to rectify it. Thus ensuring better working conditions and satisfaction to the employees.Communication groups Different formal (finance dept, accounts dept etc) and informal (sports club, charity club etc) groups can be formed within HNT. These groups can be used often and then to socialise all the employee and management. This will allow the workforce to know each other better and will increase the understanding between them. Therefore, it will increase the performance of the workforce and a better repute of HNT.From the abov e discussion it is understandable that cooperation between the management and the employee is a key factor for the success of HNT. They have to make sure that they abide by the rules and make sure that the communication link between the superior and subordinate is always good and healthy just as said by Herzberg and Mayo in their respective motivational theories.BTEC National Certificate in BusinessUnit 16-HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESSTask 2 (M2)Use of motivation theories in Hargreen HospitalIn this section, we will try and compare the use of motivation in an organisation. We will start off with discussing the different motivations theories that we have discussed earlier and then see how they have managed to affect the effectiveness of an organisation.The three motivational theories recommended by me to HNT (Mayo, Maslow and Herzberg) can be used at different levels of hierarchy in the organisation. But first let us have a look at the use of motivation.If the motivational th eory of Mayo, Maslow and Herzberg is applied to HNT it will definitely reduce the turnover rate and absenteeism as all the needs of the employees will be fulfilled and the coordination of subordinates with their superior will be much better.When the staff is more motivated then they can be used in a much more efficient manner than before. When the employee is provided with good health and safety measures and they know that they are secured they will obviously work better than before.Motivational theories have always emphasised on better relation and understanding between management and staff. Good relation on the basis of motivation can lead to resolving big issues such as industrial relationship issues and problems like strikes. A good motivated team of labourer would never want to go on strike when they know that all their basic necessities are being taken care of by their management.A planned, well trained and flexible workforce can only be strengthened if HNT has a good motivat ional plan implemented in the organisation. This will benefit the organisation in the long run.At this point we can even recommend that HNT can use Mayos theory for all blue collar workers (porters, drivers etc) as it will provide them the sense of working in teams and would give them the bringing close together of how important it is to have communication with their subordinates and peers.A crew of Herzberg and Maslow can be used for an efficient white collars (nurse, doctors etc) workforce as at this stage most of the staff is skilled or semi skilled and these are the people that HNT would want to retain for a longer period of time as they will be spending money to train them and they will have the expertise and knowledge that is vital for the companys growth.Last but not the least a combination of all three, Mayo, Maslow and Herzberg can be used for the gold collars (directors, CEO etc) at the top. They are the ones who have to do the decision making. They should be acquainted with each and every aspect of the organisation. Therefore, it is necessary for them to know about all three motivational theories suggested so that they can implement them all to their subordinates and the process goes on until the last subordinate.BTEC National Certificate in BusinessUnit 16- HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN BUSINESSTask 2 (D1)Ways of improving motivation in HNTIn this section, we will try to suggest how different ways of motivation can be improved and then try to justify them. We will be giving examples where possible to make the point more clear.Taking into account the current situation it can be seen that the morale of the workforce is low at the moment. Due to this reason there is high turnover rate and also is the cause of absenteeism. For this matter Maslows hierarchy and Mayos theory of human relation can do wonders. If self actualisation is provided by the company to enhance the skills of their workforce then HNT will benefit from it in the long run. The more t he employees get skilled the more will the service quality increase and thus increase the patient satisfaction rate. This will enable the employees to be motivated as they can be getting promotions for their good work. Thus the employees would not think of leaving HNT. The sense of working in teams will also be a vital role player in the motivation of the employees. If the employee work together in teams they get to know their peers and other employees better. They develop better understanding that lifts up the performance of the whole organisation.The long and tedious hours of working and low security has also demotivated the employees. For this purpose Herzbergs two-factor theory is the best solution. A good motivator for the employees at this stage can be giving them interesting work to do. Cut down their long tedious shifts to normal sized shifts and give then different task every day. declare oneself them with facilities to relax a bit (the concept of breaks by Taylor can be used at this point). When HNT will do all this it will make the employee feel good about their jobs. Formation of formal and informal groups at this stage will also be beneficial for the organisation. The Hygiene factor at this point can be providing security to the employees especially to those who work at night. We know that there is high crime rate in that area. No employee would want to work in such a place living is by far out of question. So HNT must try to provide as much security as possible to all its employees so that they are not intimidated at any point of the day while working.As stated there has been a decline in the standards as well. This is also clearly a lack of motivation. There is lot of potential in the organisation but the work force the human element needs to be boosted up. The social aspect of the strategy must be understood and motivational theories at all level from higher, middle and lower level must be implemented in order to regain the good standards tha t HNT once had.If Mayo, Maslow and Herzbergs theories are implemented in a proper way in HNT the organisation can be up and running within a matter of few days. New recruitment from Poland and Germany will also work as a catalyst in this scenario. New workforce coming from abroad will make the working environment more competitive and employees if given incentive with proper rewards and recognition will strive to do better than ever.Motivation can also be improved among employees by using job rotation at work for example different nurses and doctors can be depute to observe during surgery so that they can see how surgery is carried out. This gives them time to have new experiences and also this can act as an educational tour which can improve their skills.Employees can be assigned to perform tasks that porters do for example delivering mails or equipments to surgery room. The organisation uses this type of motivation so that doctors and nurses dont do the same job over and over whic h leads to boredom.Motivation in Hargreen Hospital can be improved by offering doctors and nurses some incentives for example free parking space, subsidised travel, vouchers, health insurance schemes, and nursery places for example if they are offered vouchers, it is like way of appreciating their services such instead of paying 5 for a meal in Hargreen canteen, they can only pay half price which is their way of being motivated. Free parking space enable them to free to come in whenever they want because they will not charged for parking which allows them to do extra work for example the low skilled workers can come in on weekends to clean the hospital even doctors and nurses can come in do work on their own without inviting them.Offering nursery places allows doctors and nurses to bring their children to study at Hargreen Hospital which will all them to have spare time that they have been using to go to get their kids from schools but if Hargreen offers nursery places to doctors t hen they can bring their kids to the hospital in the morning and go back home with them in the evening.

Huck Finn Grows Up :: essays research papers

Many changes violently shook America shortly after(prenominal) the cultivated War. The nation was seeing things that it had never seen before, its entire economic philosophy was turned upside big money. Huge multi-million dollar trusts were emerging, coming to dominate business. Companies like Rockefeller&8217s Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel were rapidly gobbling up sm exclusively companies in any way possible. Government corruption was at what some consider an all time high. &8220The Rich Man&8217s Club dominated the Senate as the Gilded Age reached its peak. On the local front, mob bosses controlled the cities, like Tammany Hall in newfound York. Graft and corruption were at an all time high while black rights sunk to a new low. Even after experiencing freedom during the Civil War, their hopes of immediate equality died with the death of Lincoln. Groups like the KKK drove blacks down to a new economic low. What time would be better than this to write a take about the great A merican dream, a book about long held American ideals, now squashed by big business and white conquest? Mark Twain did just that, when he wrote what is considered by many as the &8220Great American Epic.The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn, &8220The great American epic, may be one of the approximately interesting and complex books ever written in the history of our nation. This book cleverly disguises many of the American ideals in a child floating down the Mississippi River on a raft with a black slave. On the outside of the story, one can see an exciting tale of heroism and venture however, that is not all. The book shows Mark Twain&8217s idea of the classic American idealism, consisting of freedom, morality, practicality, and an alliance with nature. Twain manages to show all this while poking merriment at the emergence of the &8220robber barons, better know as the big business of the late nineteenth century. Twain portrays many different American value in this book by ex pressing them through one of the many different characters. The character that Twain chose to represent morality and maturation is none other than Huck Finn himself. Throughout the invention one sees many signs of change. The setting is constantly fluctuating, except for the constant Mississippi, and Huck and Jim, a runaway slave, under-go many changes themselves. At the end of the novel Huck Finn shows a large change in his level of maturity than he had exhibited in the beginning of the book.

Teachers Willingness to Teach Current Events Essay -- Social Studies,

Over the last century, there has been a debate over what the culture of societal studies as a core subject should be. Scholars and academics have struggled to define the elusive term kindly studies the debate has ranged from whether the accessible studies should include the disciplines of history, geography, or other social sciences, what the curriculum of the social studies should be, and what pedagogical practices should be implemented in the subject (Evans 2004, Ross 2006). Another hotly debated topic is what the goal of social studies should be in relation to society. Is the goal of social studies to create civic-minded citizens or citizens who can think historically? Should social studies strive to create a shargond culture of values and traditions, or accentuate the differences between people living in our society, and highlight how that diversity creates the possibility of change in it? Should the goal of social studies be to create a more efficacious society or a consci ous society that critically examines the flaws within our nation while striving for social equality? While it seems as if there is no limit to this debate, my focus builds on the idea that social studies strives to do all of the above. However, in order to critically examine the society in which star lives, students will need to be exposed to more than historically rich content and the makeup and functions of government (Journell 2010, Middaugh 2006).I intend to explore whether connections are being made between a particular schools curriculum and current events, and whether opportunities within the curriculum to make connections between the past and the present are being taken advantage of. I will do this by focusing my attention on teachers goals, and whether teach... ...rch (Yilmaz 2009). Over the coming weeks, I hope to receive new insight into research methods that will best suit my inquiry. As I have outlined the consequences of not engaging students to grapple with contem porary issues, it is my goal to understand more closely whether there is a disconnect between intent and action, and why that disconnect exists. Students who are not encouraged to think about contemporary and controversial issues are less likely to say they will vote when they turn eighteen, and less likely to sign petitions or get civically baffling in some other aspect within their community (Hess 2002). This research paper does not set out to provide remedies for implementing more current events into the social studies curriculum, it is simply a guide to understanding the pedagogical goals of teachers and whether current events issues are one of those goals.