Leadership Value

Leadership has been a common term and everyone has his or her own understanding of its meaning. Most of the time we understood leadership on one’s strong character combined with charisma. But this understanding is faulty as leadership is not a sole function of individual charisma or talent but a collective activity. Gilbert Fairnholm defines leadership as an interactive function of a leader and several followers jointly engaged† (p. 8) which means that there is a collective effort in terms of value and trust enough to prove each one’s confidence in participating in collective activity. Value on the other hand derived its roots from French and English word courage or valor. In business world, value means worth thus according to Kim S. Cameron, â€Å"value creation is the objective of every enterprise, every worker, and every leader and all employees are judged by their ability to create value† (p. 4). Leadership value therefore could mean a collected courageous undertakings being inspired by the leader’s own courage or the worth of having a leader in a collective effort. The leadership Principles Joseph A. Heim pointed out five principles of leadership that should be implemented in order to have a â€Å"successful management of people and technology† (p. 161). The first principle, the people understands the vision. Heim explained that when people understands the vision or the larger task of an enterprise, and are given the right information, the resources, and the responsibility, they will do the right thing (p. 161). The second principle is empowerment of individual. Heim noted that empowered people—and of course with a good leadership–empowered groups will have not only the ability but also the desire to participate in the decision process. Heim explained that the level of involvement will enable and encourage the individual to make decision rather than adopt a passive or reactive attitude, waiting to be told what to do. The third principle is a comprehensive and effective communications network. Heim emphasized that this network should distribute knowledge and information widely; embracing the openness and trust that allow the individual to feel empowered to affect the real problems. The fourth is integrated enterprise, it is the result of â€Å"democratization and dissemination of information through the network† (p. 161) in all directions irrespective of organizational position. The result of these first four principles, which is distributed decision-making, is the fifth principle. Heim pointed out that â€Å"information freely shared with empowered people who are motivated to make decisions will naturally distribute the decision making process through the entire organization. Leadership and Values According to Jeswal Salacuse, â€Å"Leadership express a complex and at the same time flexible concept† (p. 19). Salacuse noted that the English word â€Å"leader† is derived from the old English laedan which means to show the way, to be ahead of   moving a group of people willing toward and objective. It therefore implies the existence of followers. Like leadership, everyone may have already basic idea of what values are. Dran, Gila M. Von, and Jennifer Cargill point out that Values â€Å"are broad general beliefs about the way people should behave, or about some end state they should attain† (p. 121). They explained that people form their values in the same way in which they develop their personality, thus values are conclusive beliefs individual develop gradually about what is true or right or good about their world. They pointed out â€Å"values come from the early conditioning, experience, and significant events in one’s life† (p. 121) and are the criteria for selecting actions, goals, and methods. Leadership Traits Pieter John Diederik Drenth, Henk Thiery, and Charles Johanes Wolff, pointed out that leadership traits â€Å"is founded on the assumption that leaders poses certain personal qualities, such as courage, intelligence, strength of character, vision, or charisma, which followers do not possess† (p. 326) But this assumption waned because according to Drent, Thiery, and Wolff, â€Å"it has proved impossible to find a single set of characteristic that enables a clear and reliable distinction to be drawn between†¦ leaders and followers† (p. 326). But recent study admits that certain characteristics are only important in certain circumstances such as in athletic or sports. Drent, Thiery and Wolff pointed out the studies conducted in 1981 by Bass which concludes that â€Å"Leadership as such is not a property of an individual’s personality, but there are nonetheless certain fixed personal characteristic that seem to play part in the exercise of leadership† (p. 326). Leadership Skill Like leadership and values, skill is a familiar term. Skill is the ability to do something well. Robert Eugene Lefton and Victor Buzzota identified four basic leadership skills that a leader needs. First, The sizing-up skills or the ability to observe what do in work situations as objectively as you can; Second, Communication skills or the ability to find out what others think and for getting your own ideas across, Third, Motivational skills or the ability to create an environment in which people do what they are capable of because they have a compelling reason to do so, and fourth, Adaptive skills or the ability to relate to people as a unique individual. Advance leadership skills Advance leadership skills according to William Christ, are â€Å"blends of knowledge, skill, and attitude and require greater levels of behavioral flexibility and adaptability† (p. 29). Below are some of the advance leadership scales that Christ delineated. (1) Manage and resolve conflicts effectively, (2) Develop messages that influence attitudes, beliefs, and actions, (3) Ability to demonstrate credibility and ability to manage multiple communications effectively, (4) Creative management skills, and (5) interpersonal skills. Leadership Behavior Leadership behavior according Manuel London is the result of perceiving situations, relating situational perceptions to accumulated knowledge, and then using scripts to guide the production of situationally appropriate behavior.   Studies on leadership behavior shows that exemplary leaders always balanced high task orientation and high person orientation, according to Gary Monroe Crow, Joseph Mathews, and Lloyed Mc Cleary, task orientation focused such behaviors as planning, monitoring and coordinating, while person-orientation focused on such behavior as informing of decisions and praising their accomplishment (p. 11). Assessing Leadership and measuring its Effect Assessing leadership according to Daniel Goleman , Rechard Boyatzis, and Annie Mckee can be done through a series of interviews   and observations by a professional executive coach. Goleman, Boyatzis, and McKee point out that a â€Å"typical process include conversations about the leaders career and life history, discussion of current managerial and leadership challenges, and discussion of the organizational-level issues as well as including things such as climate, politics, and system† (p. 228). Novick, Morrow, and Mays discussed measuring leadership effect.   According to them, one question that a leader should ask is, ‘How am I doing as a leader?’   They suggested that by using psychological assessment instruments can help measure leadership effect or effectiveness.   This instrument that help assess one’s self and appreciate the contribution of others is available in many forms. Work Cited Cameron, Kim S. Competing Values Leadership: Creating Value in Organization. Christ, William. Leadership in Times of Change: A Handbook for Communication and Media Administrators (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998) Crow, Gary Monroe, et.al. Leadership: A Relevant and Realistic Role for Principals. (Eye on Education, Inc., 1996). Drenth, Pieter Johan Drederick, et.al., Organizational Psychology. (Psychology Press, 1998). Fairnholm, Gilbert W. Leadership and Culture of Trust. (Praeger/Greenwood, 1994). Heim, Joseph. Manufacturing Systems: Foundations of World Class Practice. (National Academies, 1992). Goleman Daniel, et.al. Primal Leadership: Learning to Lead. (Harvard Business School Press, 2004). Lefton, Robert Eugene and Buzzota, Victor. Leadership Through People Skills. (McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004). London, Manuel. How People Evaluate Others in Organization. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001). Novick, Lloyd, et.al. Public Health Administration: Principles for Population Based Management. (Jones and Bartlett, 2007) Salacuse, Jeswal W. Leading Leaders: How to Manage Smart, Talented, Rich, and Powerful People. (AMARCOM Div. American Management Association, 2006).            

Deviant Workplace Behavior

Deviant workplace behaviors are generally considered those that violate the organizational standards, policies or Internal rules. It Is Important to mention the difference between unethical behavior and negative deviant behavior. While unethical behavior deals with breaking the rules of society, negative deviant behavior focuses on violating significant organizational norms (Appellate et al. , 2007). Both types of behavior, however, will be examined In this paper. Researchers have given these behaviors many different names Including workplace deviance, counterproductive behavior and anti-social behavior.Behavior is deemed deviant when an organization's customs, policies, or internal regulations are violated by an Individual or a group that may Jeopardize the well-being of the organization or Its citizens (Appellate et al. , 2007). The Impacts of Deviant Workplace Behavior When normal work behavior goes outside the norms of the organization, its consequences are far-reaching and affec t all levels of the organization including its decision-making processes, productivity and financial costs.Many Influences Impact the ethical behavior of employees and thus Impact the overall company; however, managers can take proactive steps to positively influence ethical behavior. Management greatly influences the behavior of employees. In fact, how managers define and establish the culture makes a significant impact on how lower-level employees act as well as In the way the organization as a whole acts when faced with dicey ethical issues (Ernst and Young, 2008).Coca-Cola in India is an example of how one company is trying to proactively address ethical issues. During the recruitment and hiring process, Coca-Cola India measures each applicant's stand on personal ethics. According to Anal Gar, Vice President of HRS, â€Å"No matter how much pressure we have on us to recruit, hiring an employee whose ethics are suspect is a no- go† (Sell 2009). The organization implemented a set of workplace ethics and protocols that are helping drive the desired corporate culture. Every employee needs to abide by it regardless of the designation of role. It Includes punctuality, keeping personal work to the minimal, controlling expenses, maintaining office decorum and contributing towards creating a positive culture that results in enhanced reference and workplace relationships† (Sell 2009). The company also works with an external agency to provide a hotlist to encourage and protect weightlessness within Its organization. What Causes Bad Behavior In the Workplace?According to a recent phone survey of 1 ,305 American employees performed by Integrate Realty Resources, stress leads to physical violence in one in ten work environments. Ana almost anal AT tense surveyed salsa yelling Ana vernal anuses Is common in their workplaces (Dad, 2001). Most interestingly, this behavior is not linked to class, Job type, education, or income levels. So what's causing all this erratic behavior? In short, stress. American businesses have suffered tremendously in the last five years due to severe economic downturn.These changes required organizations to downsize, leaving the remaining employees with more duties than ever before. This â€Å"do more with less† culture means employees are stretched to their maximum constantly. Employees are skipping breaks and lunches in order to meet job and departmental objectives. All the studies on deviant workplace behavior conclude similarly; the higher the stress level within the work environment, the Geiger the likelihood employees will experience counterproductive workplace behavior.Warning Signs Millions of people are affected by violence in the workplace every year. Workplace violence is tied to a broad range of behaviors falling along a spectrum that, depending their nature and/or severity, significantly affect the workplace, generate a concern for personal safety, and/or result in physical injury or even d eath (Cordial, 2011). This behavior rarely forms out of the blue, yet managers feel unsure how to prevent negative outbursts.Although every situation is different, there are some inclusive warning signs managers can look for to ensure the safety of the workplace: Excessive tardiness or absences, increased need for supervisions, lack of performance, change in work habits, inability to concentrate, signs of stress, changes in attitude, weapons fascination, drug ; alcohol addiction and the inability to take responsibility for their actions. Ultimately, it is important that managers realize there are few warning signs that their employee may be in distress and need intervention.Creating a corporate culture that encourages staff to report the unusual behavior of cohorts to upper management is imperative for mitigating violence in the workplace (Executive Disclosure, 2006). Why is Deviant Behavior Allowed to Happen in Organizations? According to many studies, corporate propaganda statemen ts such as, â€Å"we value or people† or â€Å"employees are our real assets† or â€Å"we work hard to foster a spirit of teamwork† is nothing like what's really going on within the company. Silos, politics, complacency, and finger pointing are much more common than commitment, trust, and a go-getter attitude.This results in bad behavior and sickens teamwork wrought the entire organization. Bad behaviors result in poor decision making, which produce big problems for the organization (Time Business, 2002). Bad behavior is like a cancer in an organization which must be healed before any meaningful and lasting change can occur (Productivity Cubed, 2010). When morale is down and results are not stellar, many organizations embark on change programs; implementing change initiatives, developing new strategies, and conducting â€Å"corrective interviews†. But, after a few go-rounds employees start to suffer from what researchers call Change Fatigue.If a culture o f politics, blaming, and distrust exists, no meaningful change can, or will, occur. In a sick culture people will say what they think the boss wants to hear without believing in the changes proposed. For a true change to occur people must have a different mindset. How Can Organizations Mitigate Deviant Behavior? Although tender are many Issues wince cause concern Tort organizations, tender are ways for managers to positively impact the ethical behavior of employees. As Ben Heinlein, the former General Electric General Counsel stated, â€Å"Performance does to have to come at the expense of integrity.A company can meet or exceed its numbers and, at the same time, adhere to formal rules, establish global ethical standards and motivate employees throughout the company to exemplify values of honesty, candor, fairness, reliability and trustworthiness† (Sell, D. 2009). There is a consensus among organizations that violence in the workplace is unacceptable, however most organization s operate on a reactive basis, rather than developing proactive solutions to address this issue (Chem., 2010). Experts recommend that employers implement processes which enable employees to report inappropriate workplace behavior.Managers should be trained on encouraging staff members to step-up and report threats or harassment. Organizations should consider creating workplace violence prevention programs to eradicate bullying, intimidation and violent occurrences. Ultimately, all companies- big or small – should have policies in place which address workplace violence. Conclusion When we consider all the research, papers and articles on the topic of deviant workplace behavior, it is unquestionable and transparent that the problem is rebound, not endemic to a particular race, gender, culture, group or organization and it will always be present in our society.

Project management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Project management - Assignment Example First the objective of the projects are essentials to define, then the goals of project will be stated clearly and communicated to the team members that are associated with the project, then tasks will be defined, after describing the task, resources required for the project are essential to define, the last two steps of project scope involve budgeting and scheduling (Dyal 2008). The critical path method could help penny in assisting scheduling and decision making. Penny could create efficiency, reduce uncertainty, and improve productivity through the help of critical path method. This can help in assess the earliest time by which the each activity can be completed. Through full project Gantt chart penny can evaluate the scheduling progress on the basis of individual task and whole project (Schwable 2013) Resource costing method is best to save the extra cost of utilizing resources; the second method is standard costing that helps in cost control, and the third method is activity based costing that determine the cost each activity required (Lewis 1995) Before starting any project risk assessment is the first step, risk occurs due to lack of tools, information and qualified employees. All uncertainties will be assessed through risk assessment data sheet and risk assessment matrix. Then the action plan will be created after conducting SWOT analysis of project, insurance will be taken to transfer risk and constant monitoring will be conducted to ensure the risk free status of the project. There are multiple evaluation methods but no can be said best; project evaluation methods include qualitative method. The formative evaluation methods are essential to lead up the project that is missing in the case study. The goal based evaluation is missed in the project that is necessary for any project and give ideas to the team members and management that how should the work be done in order to attain the stated goals. This evaluation encounters the SMART targets

What characterizes 21st century university students Essay

What characterizes 21st century university students - Essay Example Rapidly developing technologies change the way people collect, use, and transmit information. In fact, they change the relationship between a person and knowledge he gets. Sir Francis Bacon pointed it out that knowledge is power. It is the main factor in the education. However the present situation has changed approaches in obtaining this key factor. G. Graff in The Ships in the Night tells about two undergraduate students; one of them claims that he trashes objectivity in art history, and thus he presupposes it in political science. When asked which course she prefers, another student replies: „Well, I’m getting an A in bothâ€Å". These examples imply that the students have become cynical relativists. A. Bloom in The Student and the University tells about a student of A. Koyre, who has written in his paper Mr. Aristotle, having in mind the image of contemporary but not the Ancient philosopher. Both authors discuss not only problem of institutional matters, but qualiti es of the students, as well. As a current student , I learnt two different academic approaches: the middle-European and the American one. Although the two educational systems differ in many aspects, there is a certain common feature: students face enough difficulties in their way of getting a good education. And it is not only students’ fault.... Graff argues that, what is learned seems so specific to a particular course that it is difficult for students to see its application beyond. The author compares the situation with ships in the night, which are lonely, without a clear perspective of the way they are following, and with no conversation between them. The ships in the night follow the different directions, although they could have cooperated. Broadening the question, Bloom argues that universities now offer no â€Å"distinctive vision†; this implies the presence of â€Å"a democracy of the disciplines† and ability to choose any course one wants. When a student arrives at the university, â€Å"he finds a bewildering variety of departments and a bewildering variety of courses† (Bloom, 1996). According to Bloom, there is neither an official guidance, nor a university agreement of what he should study. Thus, it is impossible to make a reasonable choice. Both, Graff and Bloom, discuss the contemporary uni versity education system problems, which deal first of all with absence of corresponding curriculum courses and at the same time with a big number of the courses, which can be taken. Except this, it is claimed that there is no conversation and connection among the courses – each discipline seems to be particularly different from others. A university as a knowledge server provides nowadays a great amount of information; there are even those courses, the very name of which seems to be vague: for instance, â€Å"Ways to philosophy†, â€Å"Modern society and sociological theories†, â€Å"Arguments about human nature†, â€Å"Dualist views development†, etc. Under these names there

Artificial Demand Creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Artificial Demand Creation - Essay Example In advanced and affluent societies because the intrinsic demands of the consumers have been already met, there is an artificial demand which is generated by the corporate houses. This is done in a race to out do each other and sells their goods which are mainly consumer oriented products; however this statement of Galbraith goes against the theory of consumer demand and behavior. This paper initially examines the classical theory of consumer demand and the intrinsic demands of consumers. It explains the dependence effect as given by Galbraith in his book The Affluent Society and then later looks into the reasons why Galbraith rejected the theory of consumer behavior for affluent markets. Classical Theory of Consumer Demand The theory of consumer demand is defined as the analysis of demand with regard to consumer behavior. The theory predicts the demand under varying factors, such as price, income, and substitute goods. Opportunities and preferences are the two major components of consumer demand. The opportunity is, what the consumer can afford keeping the budget constraint and the preference is, what and how much the consumer likes a product keeping the utility constraint. The classical theory of consumer demand justifies the production of any goods or services on the premise that demand for these goods or services exist. It also goes on to explain that these demands or needs are not limited and their urgency does not appreciably diminish with satisfaction of these demands. The statement that the demands do not become less urgent even when they are satisfied may itself be in contrast to the common sensibilities of many, but it is true because these demands are not the basic physical demands, but these are derived demands which we inherit from the society that we live in and they continuously grow. The Dependence Effect John Kenneth Galbraith (1958) in his book The Affluent Society explains that the needs or demands of consumers in the developed markets are being created by the process that satisfies these demands. It is a known fact that the psychological needs take over, after the physical or the intrinsic needs of food and shelter are satisfied. These psychological needs are also the basis of all the other development which takes place in our societies. The classical theory suggests that the urgency of demands fuel production, however the demands of a sports car or fast food cannot be urgent as they are not the basic demands of an individual. These demands are the derived demands and have been created by the process of over production itself. Advertising and salesmanship act as a catalyst to this entire process and ensure demand creation to dizzying levels. Hence the urgency of demand cannot be used to defend the case of over production. The Dependence Effect therefore is the direct relationship between the production of goods and the demand which is generated for these very goods. In the affluent societies as the basic demands are mostly met the consumer is open to persuasion. The consumer falls prey to a large variety of goods that are made available to him, all of varying quality. As the production of these goods increases so does the expenditure on demand generation. The major methods that are employed for demand generation are advertising

Module 5 SLP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 5 SLP - Assignment Example The merger of the two companies will lead to the growth of this small company by increasing the economic demand. Hershey Company will benefit from diversification. The risks of investments spread by adding other sectors. Secondly, KONZA Company has a high liquidity. As the liquidity hypothesis stipulates, an increase in liquidity leads to an increase in in merger this is because it makes it possible for Hershey Company to acquire and finance the acquisition by use of resources (McDonald et al., 2006). KONZA Company faces a major threat of mismanagement of firm’s resources by managers to maximize the shareholders wealth. Therefore, if the two companies merge, the resources would effectively managed to maximize on the shareholders wealth as well as profit maximization of the company. I would finance the takeover by selling the company shares. This is by public invitation to buy the shares at premium from the shareholders of the company. This will enable the company to raise enough funds for growth and investments. My second choice would have been Texas Company because the company has a high debt that is attractive and not used. This will is an avenue to merge as low leverage reduces the default risk and increases the debt volume for the joint company (Vachon, 2007). The company investments have a positive net present value (NPV) meaning that it can invest in and gain profits. The two companies therefore can merge and invest in projects that yield profits, as it is a major goal of the company. This company could not be the first choice because it is a bit stable and does not suffer from liquidity and mismanagement of firms resources. My third company would be INOVA Company that is a stable company, operating under ongoing concern and is of large size. The company would merge with Hershey to benefit from synergies. The financial mathematics shows that the

Reading Comprehension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading Comprehension - Essay Example Graphic organizers are a powerful tool to the students as it provides students with tools that they can use to show and examine the relationship between concepts in a text. The essay will delve in the teaching comprehension strategies and how the graphic organizers are used to enhance the learning of students. It will also focus on the benefits of using graphic organizers in teaching comprehension strategies. Teaching strategies are the tools that teachers use to enable students learn and understand whatever they are reading. To help students understand comprehension easily, graphic organizers are always used. Graphic organizers like semantic maps are used in self monitoring strategy. Semantic maps are devices that help students to derive explicit and implicit meanings from concepts, ideas and details that are in a text (Sewak & Lubin, 2007). This strategy is helpful to students as it increases their understanding and helps them to acquire, organize and maintain information. This str ategy can be used by providing students with semantic maps, which depict concepts from a passage and the key words (Adler, 2005). Students should read the passage and then find out the key words which they should link to those key words that are on the map. When semantic maps are used in teaching of comprehension, they make students put much focus on the concepts and main vocabularies which will enhance comprehension reading. For example, when a teacher is teaching on the concept of â€Å"whales†, the teacher can trigger the prior knowledge that the students have, by showing them a video and then allow them to point out the key words which relate to that topic. The metacognitive strategy can be enhanced by use of the concept diagrams. Concept diagram helps in comprehension skills and they show the relationship between concepts in a passage. Concept diagrams are graphics which describe the concepts in a passage, and their relationship from top to bottom (Boudah & Hagan-Burke, 2000). They also show how these concepts at the top support those at the bottom and they have lines that show the connections between concepts. The concept diagram makes students focus on concepts that enhance comprehension. When teaching comprehension and teachers are using concept diagrams, the teacher is to give an explanation about the different parts of the diagram. The teacher together with his students, they highlight the main concepts in a passage. Then the teacher provides a blank concept diagram and allows students to make their own connections (Sewak & Lubin, 2007). Hence this makes the students to be actively involved as they engage themselves in writing concepts of the diagram. Other graphic organizers that are useful when teaching comprehension are the story maps. The story maps are used by teachers to help the students to know the story structure. One way of using the story maps is when the teacher reads a story and stops at some points which are strategic to ask the students some questions. This strategy is necessary in understanding comprehension as it allows students to identify some important elements in the story such as the plot, characters and the setting (Adler, 2005). The story maps help to improve the literal, applied and interpretive comprehension skills of the students. In fact, it is a powerful tool for making students pay attention when

The 10 basic tasks of the strategy execution process Assignment

The 10 basic tasks of the strategy execution process - Assignment Example Furthermore, a well-staffed organization thrives well in its undertakings. The recruiting department is supposed to balance such that it is composed of skilled, semi- skilled and unskilled workers. The leadership of HCZ should ensure that they specify the role of each employee in executing the plans for the welfare of the children. Therefore, ones the staff is employed, he or she should work towards achieving the set goals of the organization. However, the element of age should also be taken care of while hiring new employees; however, it is need not to be a discriminating factor (Syrett 87). The priority should go to the energetic and committed employees. In the staff organization, there should be specialization and division of labor. So that one can specialized where he or she is well conversant. Moreover, it will reduce boredom in the work of which will be for the benefit of the children. A strong leadership to HCZ will provide the sense of vision and direction so as to ensure the progress of the development of HCZ. Professional certification is important to the leaders of HCZ to equip them with the skills for the formulation of the strategy and their implementation. The leaders of HZC should not only give the sense of direction, but they should also have the children at heart. With such spirit, they can go an extra mile for the benefit of the vulnerable children instead of serving their interest. The leadership of HZC should embrace dialog and democratic leadership. The sharing of the ideas is important to the organization because leaders cannot learn alone, but they should also respect the opinions of those who work under them. The execution of the plans can never be possible without resources. The resources can be human resources and capital resources. The capital resources help in the daily running of the welfares of the organization. All the departments in HCZ should get funds to facilitate the

The impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Developing States Essay

The impact of the Global Economic Crisis on Developing States - Essay Example This paper tries to evaluate the overall effects of the global financial crisis on developing countries. It analyzes the economic situations during the crisis in major developing states in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. Extraordinary financing, massive flow of remittance in developing states, and high commodity costs were the fundamental components of the economic boom in the developing countries between 2003 and 2007. The global financial crisis (GFC) initially trembled the banking systems in North America and Europe. The first developing states to face the crisis were those which had its majority of financial sectors linked with the global market. Next, it caused impact on domestic and international trade as prices and volumes of manufacturing and commodities felled across the world. Low workers like, street vendors, garbage pickers along with blue-collar workers affected mostly due to job-and pay-cuts. As remittances from migrant workers from the North America and Europe hit badly, large population in developing and poor states, which were highly dependent on it, was significantly affected. Due to the global financial crisis of 2007, developing and emerging economies in all over the world faced a drastic drop in output growth. The aggregate GDP growth decline in the newly industrialized and emerging Asian economies such as, Singapore (17.9%), Hong Kong (10.9%), Malaysia (9.9%), and Korea (9.2%) was larger compare to that in the developing economies of Central and Eastern Europe such as Russia (14%), Turkey (9.6%), Poland (7.3%), and Hungary (4.3%). Among the Asian countries, Singapore had the greatest GDP growth decline followed by Hong Kong and Malaysia.

Diet and coronary heart disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Diet and coronary heart disease - Essay Example High calorie intake and related to it obesity is the major risk factor – obese people have hisgher risk of coronary heart disease. Consequently, the quote of total fat (and especially saturated and trans-fatty acids) should be restricted as well as the consumption of refined sugars and other sources of carbohydrates. The increased amount of food fiber in the diet is good alternative to unhealthy eating ( ). The lowest risk of coronarey heart disease is determined for vegetarians. The have risk of cardiovascular death (e.g. related to heart disease) which is lower in 1.33 folds than amongst non-vegetarians. A good choice for preventive purposes is Mediterranean diet which is characterising with high intake of fruits and evegetables, olive oil, sea food and a moderate amount of red dry wine. Seafood and the source of essential ï  ·-3 fatty acids and trace elements is useful for control of the level of cholesterol. There were proposed special preventive diets decreasing the risk of coronary disease. Thus Pritikin diet is enriched with food -fiber, unprocessed carbohydrates and contains low amount of fat ( ). Ornish diet restricts the consumption of animal fat (e.g. fatty fish or meat). Only non-fat dairy products and egg whites are allowed in the dietic system. Also Ornish diet restricts simple sugars and give the preferences for complex carbohydrates food. Traditional British diet is healthy enough because of high intake of complex carbohydrates nevetheless the restriction of animal food consumption and replacing these products with vegetables and fruits are expedient. The usage of alcohol beverages should be restriected in the persons with high risk of coronary disease (e.g. with high level of blood choleterol). Only small amount of red wine is permitted. Some food products contains essential nutrients and biologically active substances which are necessary for the prevention of coronary heart disease. Thus pine

The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorn Essay Example for Free

The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorn Essay Essay Thesis: This essay is generally about how the author of the short story, Hawthorne, wants to show the world that perfection is not beauty and that science should not alter the way that nature set man on this world to be. He was a major asset to the transcendental movement, and this short story is a perfect example why. In Nathaniel HawthornesThe Birthmark, the main character, Aylmer, wants to have a perfect wife. His wife, Georgiana, is a very beautiful woman with just one flaw, the Birthmark on her face. As a scientist, Aylmer tries to create an elixir that will rid Georgiana of her birthmark, thus making her perfect. According to Hawthorne, however, this is not possible. During the transcendental phase of American life, which included literature from Hawthorne, transcendental writers would promote Nature and its importance. In The Birthmark, Nathaniel Hawthorne tries to show the people that nature does not make anything flawless, and that this is the beauty of it. Nature, in one shape or another, stamps ineffaceably on all her productions. (Hawthorne) Nathaniel Hawthorne tries to pass a message to the world that science should not interfere with natures way of having people live. Hawthorne portrays Aylmer as being stupid for trying to create formulas that would extend life. Aylmer appeared to believe that, by the plainest scientific logic, it was altogether within the limits of possibility to discover this long-sought medium. (Hawthorne) Unlike Aylmer, Georgiana is signified as an image of both physical and intellectual beauty. Hawthorne shows physical beauty in her by showing her beautiful attributes, while adding that flaws can make somebody even more perfect, as this shows natures effect on this person. Hawthorne also shows a great amount of faith and transcendentalism in Georgiana. He does this by showing Georgiana to love the mistakes and flaws of her husband, as she looks through all of the failures in Aylmers scientific books. It seems as though Hawthorne almost wants to make Georgiana the protagonist, as he wants readers to take attributes from her and let her set good examples, while Aylmer is the bad one. Hawthorne does this well by showing in the end that man who wants perfection will kill nature once he brings science to try to  alter it. Aylmers pursuit to happiness leads nature and her beauty to die. Aylmer, the selfish enemy, knows the risks of having Georgiana drink the elixir, yet, nonetheless, he has her drink it because he finds flawlessness to be more important. The beautiful Georgiana is further portrayed as the perfect being of nature, adding on to her flaws, because she is dominated by the love for her husband, and even risks giving up her own life (and loses it) just to make him happy. Aminadab, Aylmers servant, is another example of a good being that Hawthorne puts into the short story. According to Hawthorne, Aminadab is earthly, and represents man who understands physical and mental nature. Throughout the story, Aminadab says just one thing; If she were my wife, Id never part with that birthmark. (Hawthorne) This shows that he would rather behold the beauty of natures work, than attempt to modify it in any way, unlike the evil Aylmer. Aylmer is blind and will stay this way for the rest of his life. He will never realize that nature places imperfections for a purpose, and as long as he lives, he will continue to try to improve nature and prolong the life it has given its people. He will completely miss the fact that the reason Georgiana died was not because he had the wrong formula, but it is because nature can not have anything that is faultless.

Politics Essays Advertisements Campaigns Voters

Politics Essays Advertisements Campaigns Voters Advertisements Campaigns Voters Political Advertisements reflecting Political Orientations This paper tries to argue, and somehow support, that political advertisements during electoral campaigns reflect the political orientation of the voters. The Philippines is known for its festive mood all year round done through fiestas and other celebrations showcasing the very Filipino among us. To bring this to home is to mention our annual celebration of the Sinulog. The Sinulog 2007 Magazine presents the colorful celebration of the whole country in honor of the child Jesus Senor Sto. Nino. This celebration along with the other celebrations all over the country signifies the dynamics of our culture and this had been passed from one generation to another. Making the young ones realize and appreciate its value and importance. But festivals are not the only colorful features of the Philippines, we are likewise known to have very festive conduct of elections. Yes, elections in the Philippines resemble the celebration of fiestas. In the very recently concluded May 14, 2007 Congressional and local elections the whole country have witnessed how politicians have used almost all forms of campaigning just to be properly known and eventually be voted by the electorates. In fact, as a result of campaign many of the politicians’ tarpaulin were left scattered prompting a businesswoman to convert them into bags, which were distributed to the fire victims somewhere in Metro Manila. The reason for this was the huge volume of tarpaulin spent for by the candidates all for their desire to vote. To add, flyers and sample ballots were voluminously reproduced for the same purpose. However, for those who have a broader financial base they took advantage of the mass media in airing (broadcast and print) their political advertisements. The patronage of politicians to the use of media is itself a statement of the wide reach of the latter as well as the extent of its possible impact on the decisions of the electorates. Most studies about the media try to look into how it operates in the â€Å"democratic† Philippines or how it influences the behavior of people, especially during elections. However, it is likewise interesting to explore what is reflected by the media as the society’s character, behavior and culture. Hence, this essay describes the electorates’ political orientation that is projected or reflected in the political advertisements of politicians. However, it is bounded by the following delimitations: only the political advertisements of the Mayoral and Vice-Mayoral candidates of Cebu City are considered, this is for purposes of a more focused analysis. Furthermore, I made use of only print ads from newspapers, this is due to limited access to television advertisements. These delimitations may in the end limit as well the conclusion of this essay, however this can also serve as an initial study for a broader consideration by other scholars. Culture, Politics and Media From the sociological point of view, Giddens (2002) defined culture broadly to be the way of life of the members of society or groups within a society. It is that â€Å"something† that unites a society together and that which stitches the relations of people and social structures. However, culture is by nature not easily definable due to the fact that it’s merely manifested, such as its tangible and intangible aspects. Many theorists have imparted their own share of conceptualization about culture. Worth mentioning in this essay are the contributions of Jules Henry (1980). Jules Henry postulated the anthropological idea that culture is preserved and perpetuated, and it is necessarily reproduced through the process of interaction among people in society. From here it can be deduced that culture is by its very nature transmissible therefore learned. Hence, the culture of a society is passed on to the next generations in a dynamic fashion of learning. The example highlighted by Henry is the cultural dreams turned nightmare of the Americans because of the highly consumeristic culture projected by the media. Jules Henry is decisive in prescribing the idea that the media is constructing a culture that is not reflective of the real needs of the public. From this contribution of Henry we can understand that the process of transmitting culture can be facilitated by a number of ways and means or agents. Socialization is a primary channel for the transmission of culture over time and generation. There had been a continued discourse on culture and many scholars were engaged in more cultural studies during the heights of the behavioral revolution and the participation explosion after World War II. The behavioral revolution did not exclusively affect the cultures of the world but also the functioning of polities. If in the past the study of politics was focused on the state, being the only institution which can authoritatively allocate the values to the society (Easton, 1953: 146) the behavioral revolution had inspired other political scientists to engage in scholarships involving politics and culture. Among them were Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba in their breakthrough study published in 1963. They studied about the Civic Culture of five countries by looking into the political attitudes as well as the practice of democracy in said five nations. In the study of political culture, culture must be understood as an individual’s psychological orientation toward social objects (Almond and Verba, 1963: 14). Almond further emphasized that political culture refers to the political system as internalized in the cognitions, feelings and evaluations of its population. From here, the specificity of culture as applied in understanding politics is clarified. Hence, political culture refers to the specifically political orientations attitudes toward the political system and its various parts, and attitudes towards the role of the self in the system (Almond and Verba, 963: 13). Verba also contributed his definition of political culture to consist of the system of empirical beliefs, expressive symbols, and values which defines the situation in which political action takes place (1965:513). The polity’s political culture is only one aspect of politics at the same time only an aspect of culture. From such definitions we can draw the different modes of political orientations referred to by Almond and Verba, which are considered of high relevance because these help us understand how an individual may potentially react to political stimulus. They are: 1) cognitive orientation; 2) affective orientation; and 3) evaluative orientation. Cognitive orientation refers to the knowledge of and belief about the political system. Ranney added that this include the information that an individual has about political affairs (1995:65). Moreover, other scholars look into the person’s level of awareness as a way of knowing his/her cognitive orientation. Example of this is whether a person is aware of the list of local officials in their local government. Or it could be an inquiry into the various political issues s/he is aware of. From here the level of a person’s cognitive orientation is defined. Therefore, if the kind of information presented before the public is more knowledge-based we can infer that the presumption is that the public still need to be fed with pertinent information to be aware. Affective orientation refers to the feelings an individual may have about the political system, its roles, personnel and performance. This orientation includes how individuals feel for a political phenomenon. For instance, how the people feel about the cheating issues posed against the Arroyo administration last 2004 elections. The emotions or the mood developed on the individual constitute his/her affective orientation. Hence, if the information presented for the public appeals more to the recipient’s emotion, it be could under the presumption that people already know the information and have developed shared emotion with the messenger. Lastly, Evaluative orientation, this refers to the judgments and opinions formulated by individuals as a response to political objects which involves the combination of value standards and criteria with information and feelings. This is considered to be the most important type of political orientation because it determines the type of political culture of the polity. Furthermore, public opinions, to be useful, must be translated to public judgment and the latter must be manifested through public action. There is a need for an individual to translate one’s judgment to action in order to substantially affect how political objects function. Good examples for this were EDSA 1 and 2. The people’s knowledge and feelings about the abuses of Marcos’ dictatorship were eventually translated to a public judgment of discontent hence, making possible the flooding of people in EDSA as a manifestation of their feeling of discontent and disappointment, very similar to the EDSA 2 circumstances. Therefore, if an information ignites action it presupposes that the people are already aware and have similar affect to a particular issue and would just need to share such sentiment to the rest. These three will be the basis in analyzing the campaign advertisements of the candidates for mayor and vice-mayor in Cebu City. I will look into the kind of messages they have and from there try to understand the orientation they believe the voters have. Both references did not only provide definitions of socialization but went on to say that this processes proceeds from an individual’s early stage in life up to one’s old age. This only means that this is continuous and dynamic. They also added that since this process is continuous there are various agents which help transmit the necessary political orientations. These agents are but not limited to the: Family; School; Peer Groups; Church; Mass Media; Government; and International Community (Ranney, 1995: 61-65; Almond and Powell, 2004: 58).On the other hand, understanding political culture with the general concept of culture would mean that political culture is also transmissible, and is best facilitated through political socialization. Almond and Powell defined socialization to be the way in which political values are formed and the political culture is transmitted from one generation to the next (2004: 52). Austin Ranney also gave his conception of political socializ ation to be the developmental process from which people acquire their political orientations and patterns of behavior (1995: 58). Each of these agents has their respective ways of influencing an individual about the political. Among the most popular of these are family and mass media. In fact, most literature describing the political culture of Filipinos propound the idea that it is governed by familism, kinship ties and patron-client relations (Lande, 1965; McCoy, 1994; Sidel, 1999). On the other hand, the next most popularly regarded to influence an individual’s political orientation is the mass media. In fact, scholars have concluded that the media really have social and political effects to the public. Furthermore, they contend that â€Å"every culture has means of preparing and conditioning its members to adopt expected social roles and activities and the mass media often times have an unrecognized role in this process.† Hence, the importance in looking into how the media influence or reflect the public is very much important. Most often the influences of these agents are best manifested every time an individual takes part in a democratic exercise such as elections. The paragraphs to follow will be devoted into discussing the relevance of the media in politics as well as the evolution of the conduct of elections in the Philippines. Media In general terms, understanding the media inevitably requires understanding of communication which, in its simplest context, is the act of sending ideas and attitudes from one person to another. Moreover, communication of people may either be intrapersonal, interpersonal, or through mass communication. Communicating within one person is intrapersonal communication. While, communicating with another person is interpersonal. Lastly, communication between a person or a group of persons to a larger audience through a transmitting device is mass communication. In mass communication there are important elements that need to be present: a) sender or the source who is responsible in putting in the message on the channel; b) channel, which is the medium that delivers the message to the receiver, an example of this would be the television, newspapers, magazine and the like; c) receiver, who is the intended (or unintended) audience of the message the public; and d) the feedback from the receiver, this occurs when the receiver responds to the message sent by the sender. Mass communication is best characterized by: a) the message is sent out using some form of mass media (newspaper or television); b) the message is delivered rapidly; and c) the message reaches large groups of different kinds of people simultaneously or within a short period of time. The idea of mass media really brings as much information to as wide an audience as possible, this makes the transmission of information easier and corollary to this would mean a more precise message. There is more to mass media than merely transmitting messages. Other theorists propounded that â€Å"a person who takes a steady diet of mass media messages may be conditioned to believe that the world presented by the media is an accurate reflection of reality.† This is very much related to the concept of Jules Henry wherein the media, through its various advertisements, create a â€Å"cultural dream† for the public as evidence by growing consumerism among the people (1980). This brings me to the book of Dan Nimmo and James Combs Mediated Political Realities (1983). The book centers on the public having mediated realities. Walter Lippman said that â€Å"people act on the basis of pictures they carry around in their heads, pictures of the way they think things are† furthermore, he added â€Å"these pictures are derived from and changed by one’s direct experiences as well as those which they don’t deal directly.† This only means that not all realities are experienced firsthand, rather, our realities are complemented by things we are made to believe to be realities this is facilitated by a medium which is the mass media. Hence, it becomes a valid inquiry of whether the realities we see reflected by the media are in fact real. The authors went on to postulate that â€Å"each of us forges our own reality† which means that what we may consider reality may not be conceived similarly by others. In addition, a situation may mean various realities to various people hence, there cannot be a universal reality because they are all mediated. The concept of mediated realities is brought by the influx of other means of communications, which is mass communications sometimes complementing and in competition with other means or agents (Nimmo and Combs, 1983: 5). The authors went on to say that â€Å"social reality is constituted, recognized, and celebrated with media.† Meaning that the media indeed has a huge role to play in the process of making and unmaking realities. This pushes us to another level of looking into realities, whether they are truly real or otherwise. From here, a caveat is better put in place, that what we see and experience through the media may simply be a construction we are made to believe or could be a reflection of what is truly real. The second postulation is taken adeptly by this essay for a number of reasons: a) the context of this essay is in the Philippines wherein a number of legislations are in place to govern the media; and b) such regulations highlight the importance of responsibly delivering the news to the public. Media in the Philippines As initially stated above, studies about media are often centered on its role/s in a society. For example, the role of the media during the time of Marcos it was noted that the media during the Martial Law years were either under the payroll of some politicians or were frankly against the reign of Marcos. Furthermore, Sussman also mentioned that there were over twenty journalists documented to have been killed during the time of Marcos for expressing disagreeable opinion against local warlords. The struggle for press freedom was also strong but was forcefully countered by a number of Presidential Decrees issued by Marcos to curtail any free expression through the press. Marcos even ordered the closure of media companies which were directly countering the mandates of his government, one of them was ABS-CBN of the Lopezes. However, the tides took a different turn on the eve of EDSA 1, the airwaves were useful when Cardinal Sin through Radio Veritas urged the people to pray and defend democracy. The remaining media strength who looked into the political situation in the Philippines were the foreigners as they covered most of the fraudulent activities, especially during the conduct of previous elections. Moreover, the change of government from dictatorial to democratic also paved way for a freer mass media. To further ensure its free exercise, the same is guaranteed in Sec. 4, Art. III of the 1987 Constitution Freedom of Speech and Expression and of the Press. The â€Å"press† specifically cover every sort of publications: newspapers, periodicals, magazines, books, handbills, leaflets, other written materials, television and radio broadcasting are also included. This only proves how much we regard, in terms of importance, the sector of the media in our country. Media and Philippine Elections The conduct of Philippine elections is likewise filled with a rich experience. The Documentary Eleksyong Pinoy is actually a very rich resource in terms of the evolution of our electoral exercise. To make it very comprehensive, the producers included personalities who have been actively engaged in the conduct of elections in the country such as former Commission on Elections (COMELEC) Commissioners Haydee Yorac, Christian Monsod; former National Citizens Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) Chairperson Jose Conception; Philippine Center for Good Governance (PCGG) Chairperson; His Eminence Jaime Cardinal Sin (due to his role in EDSA 1); a UP History Professor and other significant personalities. In all the documentary showed how elections were so limited in the past. In fact, it presented that the elections during the later part of the Spanish colonial rule were exclusive only to those who have the stringent qualifications biased for the males, literacy, taxing capabilities, ownership of properties and others. Corollary, the chance to run for public office is also limited to those who have landholdings and were educated. But this limited access have been widened by the institutionalization of the democratic institutions by the American colonial rule as prepared by a number of US legislations. These organic acts essentially installed democratic ideals upon which people are given the chance to actively participate in the affairs of government, initially through elections. Proof to this was the right to vote granted to women in 1937 after a massive success reaped from a nationwide plebiscite on the matter. Philippine elections have long been open to the participation of the public, though there were interruptions as to how free it is during the Martial Law years. In fact, based on the well-researched documentary, elections during the time of Marcos were noted to be fraudulent ones due to massive cheating and anomalies. Elections according Mojares is a â€Å"collective rite of collective passage, with liminal phases, beginning with the preliminal period of ‘presubjectification’; the ‘limen’ of Election Day; and the postelection period of resubjectification during which results are validated, winners are proclaimed.† As for the progress of this essay, I will focus on the presubjectification period or the course of campaigns. It was noted that the way Filipinos conduct campaigns are actual replica of that of US. Luz Rimban, writing for the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, stated that when US introduced elections in the Philippines it likewise included in the package its own style of campaigning, and this includes the use of mass media to somehow ‘manipulate public images’; the hiring of public relations and advertising professionals, and employing other sophisticated tools for campaign. The mass media had since then been useful in projecting the image of the Filipino politician the newspaper, radio and television were proven useful. The mass media exposure includes presentation of news coverage of the affairs of politicians. However, the use of mass media was strengthened by the passage of Republic Act 9006 otherwise known as the Fair Elections Act in February 2001. Section 3 of this legislation provides that: Lawful Election Propaganda. Election propaganda whether on television, cable television, radio, newspapers or any other medium is hereby allowed for all registered political parties, national, regional, sectoral parties or organizations participating under the party-list elections and for all bona fide candidates seeking national and local elective positions subject to the limitation on authorized expenses of candidates and political parties, observance of truth in advertising and to the supervision and regulation by the Commission on Elections (COMELEC). This opened the doors for a free use of the mass media as a means of launching a politician’s campaign. The most common among these mass media is the television. In fact, aside from the television and newspapers, other politicians made use of new technologies such as mobile phones and launching ‘text brigrades’, while others used the world wide web to introduce and sell themselves to the voters, especially the younger ones. In fact, for this May 14 elections, many political parties and candidates used Friendster as a means of inviting potential voters. Hence, the old type campaigning buttressed by the new legislation truly expanded the campaigns of running politicians. Included in the list, and the focus of my paper, are newspapers. They are as well tapped by politicians to place their advertisements in. Therefore, we can really say that the media has a huge role to play in Philippine elections. It is then a challenge to look deeper into these campaign ads and determine what particular political orientation are projected about the Filipino, in particular Cebuano, voters. How to look into this? I will look into the used and the face value of the print advertisement and from there analyze themes or connotations that would somehow clearly define the political orientation of the voters as reflected by it. To call this process content analysis or semiology would be an overstatement. Rather, this analytical framework is simply innovated. Campaign Ads: Cebu City Elections The candidates for Cebu City mayoral and vice-mayoral posts are Tomas Osmena VS. Mary Ann delos Santos and Michael Rama VS. Raymond Alvin Garcia, respectively. Both Tomas Osmena and Michael Rama are incumbent Mayor and Vice-Mayor of the City. Mary Ann delos Santos, on the other hand, was the Barangay Captain of Lahug, while Raymond Alvin Garcia is the son of former Cebu City Mayor Alvin Garcia. Each camp had been organizing their respective campaigns: the use of streamers, tarpaulin, leaflets, mobile ads and print advertisements were taken advantage. Hence, for the latter I decided to look into one of the leading local newspapers in the islands: Sun-Star Newspaper. I was able to scan the consecutive issues of Sun-Star Newspaper from April 1 up to May 12, 2007. Among the 42 issues the following were the breakdown:

Nationalism During World War One History Essay

Nationalism During World War One History Essay World War 1, the conflict which submurged the world between 1914 and 1918 left a massive mark on the 20th century, and shaped the world in which we live in today. Never before has nation clashed with one another on such a grand scale. Advances in weaponry allowed for the killing of soldiers of vast numbers. When the war clouds finally cleared, monarchies had fallen apart. New nations were born and the seeds were planted for an even greater conflict to engulf the world. A major contributing factor to the tension between great powers that led to the outbreak of the First World War was called Nationalism. Nationalism led to the outbreak of the War when countries wanted to show themselves as the most powerful and advanced society on the planet. When countries started to get nationalistic, they became to see themselves as superior, as proud, as dominant, became very compulsive as many became too proud of their nations. When the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand came about, thus tr iggered the World War and more and more countries started to get involve. The war changed the world and the society we live in today. During the 19th and 20th century, nationalism had spread itself all over Europe. All powerful nations such as Russia and Germany had strong beliefs towards the concept of supporting their own nation. When Nationalism was brought up, nations believed that their own needs must be met before those of other nations. These strong beliefs came to play a pivotal role as many nationalists became so proud of their nations that later on the nations that they struggled for it to become the richest and most powerful nation of all. The signal of national pride became a massive problem for the Austro-Hungarian Empire while they attempted to maintain order and peace within seize are of Bosnia. This power was put under threat due to the Slavonic peoples detest of the Austro-Hungarians and wanted themselves to be no longer part, and wanted to be a separate nation know today as Yugoslavia. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife was a major outcome of nationalism. The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists was an event which was caused by numerous factors which produced widespread shock across Europe. The Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated on the 28th of June 1914. The assassination occurred during the Archdukes visit to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Archduke was targeted due to the general feeling amongst Serbians that when he would have been appointed the throne, Ferdinand would continue the persecution of Serbs living within the borders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Just moments after the two had been shot; the authorities arrested the killer, Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian student, who was believed to have been linked to the Serbian terrorist organization, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Black Handà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . After two days into the assassination, Austria-Hungary and Germany advise the Serbs that they should open an investigation to find the trail of the assassination . The Austrian government later on saw this as a chance to end the perceived threat from Serbia. Austria-Hungary issued Serbia with many ultimatums after the assassination, but nothing had changed. Afterwards, on the 28 of July, 1914, assured with German support, Austria had declared war on Serbia which swift shock and threat around Europe. Later on, Russia mobilized its armies in Serbiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s defense, which triggered France to join in with the Russians and the French. Germany took this as an act of war against the Austro-Hungarians and mobilized their armies in large numbers on the Western Front. Germany had invaded France through Belgium which their neutrality had been protected by the British. Later on, this was an excuse for the British to enter the war and sent many troops to France. As the British dedicated that no one power should dominate Europe, particularly the coastline facing the British Isles. Germanys actions therefore, drew the British away from its colon ial ambitions and towards attempting to stabilize Europe. Although the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered the begging of the World War, Europe has already been awaken up by the groups of nationalists and hatred been spread throughout Europe. On the other hand, many people had different views on how the Great War started. Many believed that the alliance system was the major cause of the World War. The alliance system is a group of nations joined together to support one another whenever backup is needed. Each nation made an agreement to support and help whenever their alliance calls out for help. In 1879, the Dual alliance which was made up of Germany and Austria, made another agreement with Italy, then was named the Triple alliance. France and Britain became allies in 1892, and later on Russia joined in. These three countries joined together and were called the Triple Entente, which was one of the most powerful set of alliance in Europe. Both alliances were very well armed and powerful, and when disagreement occurred within 2 countries, because of the alliance system, a small local war turned into the biggest war that our planet has ever seen. As Belgium was a land-locked country and was surrounded by the two alliances, B ritain agreed to protect it when a nation would declare war on them. After the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Austria declared war on Serbia. With the alliance system, countries declared war on each other as countries swore to protect their alliance system whenever war was about. To sum up, a small war between two countries spread all over Europe as alliances were made up to protect one another. To summarize, WW1 left a massive mark in the society we live in today. Many people had died from uncontrollable forces which were raging to show off their society. Nationalism triggered the World War as countries tried to show others what they were capable of. When nationalism spread itself around Europe, it angered many as many important figures were assassinated and left a massive mark which angered thousands. Nationalism led to the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand when he selected a Serbian national holiday to parade through Sarajevo, stoking nationalist distaste. When Ferdinand was killed, as a symbol of hatred against Austria and Serbia, since countries were allied within each other, a small local war became the largest and most dangerous war our planet has ever seen. Besides the assassination of the Archduke, there was another major cause which many people believed in. The alliance system gathered societies together swearing that if any help is needed, the other societies that swore to help must do their best to achieve their responsibilities. When two countries clashed into each other, they called in for help and alliances took place shortly after. World War one has left an indulging mark on the 20th century that will never be forgotten , even thousands and million years later on.

My Goal Statement Essay -- My Mission and Goals

My mission here at State University is to strive to be the best person that I can possibly become. I respect my elders and try to learn good values from them. Also, I try to be a good role model for my friends and youngsters. I appreciate and understand other people's differences and am happy that we’re not all the same. As a team leader, I try to put these differences and diversity to good effect. I take full responsibility for my actions. I am always accountable to my decisions. If I make a mistake, I am always ready to admit it and learn from it. I always remember that before I can influence someone else, I must first be in charge of myself. If I am not fully convinced of my own decisions, it would be very difficult for me to influence others. I am a responsible student who works hard in school. I believe that hard work is the key to success. My goal is to graduate and fulfill the dreams of my father. I want to pursue Urban Planning just like him. I also plan to have a Mas ter's degree for the same. I will take every effort necessary to ensure that I meet and, if possible, exceed my goal through sheer dedication and perseverance. I pledge to offer the highest quality of leadership, the greatest level of expertise, and tireless dedication to the cause. I studied English last year at County Community College and moved to State University for this major later. I like California. I strongly feel that the mission statement of State University complements and resonates with goals and aspirations of mine. As State University guarantees the best pedagogical techniques, I will try to show my excellence as a student. I will demonstrate my intellectual capability and ask right questions at the right time to feed my curiosity. I will... ...trated. I would give higher priority to tasks which have to be performed immediately. Flexibility is also very important and I would modify my path whenever need arises. Efficient management of time is also necessary when it comes to tackling obstacles. The first stages are even more important because when we see first progress, we become even more determined to put in more effort towards our goal. Procrastination is also a very big obstacle and may keep us distracted. We should always make small goals which in turn would coordinate to meet the larger goal. We should never get caught in unnecessary thoughts. Without getting distracted by the external environment, I would keep the primary goal in mind while doing any task. As I want to get a Master’s degree in Urban Planning, these values which I have already listed would surely help me in taking good decisions. My Goal Statement Essay -- My Mission and Goals My mission here at State University is to strive to be the best person that I can possibly become. I respect my elders and try to learn good values from them. Also, I try to be a good role model for my friends and youngsters. I appreciate and understand other people's differences and am happy that we’re not all the same. As a team leader, I try to put these differences and diversity to good effect. I take full responsibility for my actions. I am always accountable to my decisions. If I make a mistake, I am always ready to admit it and learn from it. I always remember that before I can influence someone else, I must first be in charge of myself. If I am not fully convinced of my own decisions, it would be very difficult for me to influence others. I am a responsible student who works hard in school. I believe that hard work is the key to success. My goal is to graduate and fulfill the dreams of my father. I want to pursue Urban Planning just like him. I also plan to have a Mas ter's degree for the same. I will take every effort necessary to ensure that I meet and, if possible, exceed my goal through sheer dedication and perseverance. I pledge to offer the highest quality of leadership, the greatest level of expertise, and tireless dedication to the cause. I studied English last year at County Community College and moved to State University for this major later. I like California. I strongly feel that the mission statement of State University complements and resonates with goals and aspirations of mine. As State University guarantees the best pedagogical techniques, I will try to show my excellence as a student. I will demonstrate my intellectual capability and ask right questions at the right time to feed my curiosity. I will... ...trated. I would give higher priority to tasks which have to be performed immediately. Flexibility is also very important and I would modify my path whenever need arises. Efficient management of time is also necessary when it comes to tackling obstacles. The first stages are even more important because when we see first progress, we become even more determined to put in more effort towards our goal. Procrastination is also a very big obstacle and may keep us distracted. We should always make small goals which in turn would coordinate to meet the larger goal. We should never get caught in unnecessary thoughts. Without getting distracted by the external environment, I would keep the primary goal in mind while doing any task. As I want to get a Master’s degree in Urban Planning, these values which I have already listed would surely help me in taking good decisions.

The Counterculture :: American History, The Civil Rights Movement

During the sixties Americans saw the rise of the counterculture. The counterculture, which was a group of movements focused on achieving personal and cultural liberation, was embraced by the decade’s young Americans. Because many Americans were members of the different movements in the counterculture, the counterculture influenced American society. As a result of the achievements the counterculture movements made, the United States in the 1960s became a more open, more tolerant, and freer country. One of the most powerful counterculture movements in the sixties was the civil rights movement. In 1964, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act to end racial discrimination in employment, institutions like hospitals and schools, and privately owned public accommodations In 1965, congress returned suffrage to black southerners, by passing the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Foner 926). In the case of Loving v. Virginia (1967), the Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional (Foner 951). Because of the civil rights movement in the sixties, minorities gained more rights than they had prior to the 1960s. While the 1960s were a time of advancement for minorities, it was also a time of advancement for women. In 1963, Congress passed the Equal Pay Act, which outlawed discrimination in the workplace based on a person’s sex (Foner 944). To ensure that women would have the same opportunities as men in jobs, education, and political participation, the National Organization for women was formed in 1966 (Foner 944). The sixties also marked the beginning of a public campaign to repeal state laws that banned abortion or left the decision to terminate a pregnancy to physicians instead of the woman (Foner 945). Although the sixties were a decade in which the United States became a more open, more tolerant, and a freer country, in some ways it became less of these things. During the sixties, America intervened in other nations and efforts were made to stop the progress of the civil rights movement. Because of America’s foreign policy and Americans fight against the civil rights movement, it is clear that the sixties in America were not purely a decade of openness, tolerance, and freedom in the United States. In the sixties, many Americans tried to stop the progress minorities were making with the civil rights movement. In 1961, a group known as the Congress of Racial Equality was attacked by mobs, while the group was testing the compliance of court orders banning segregation on interstate buses and trains and in terminal facilities (Foner 914).

Free College Admissions Essays: Beyond Poverty and Misfortune :: College Admissions Essays

Beyond Poverty and Misfortune    Ever since I was a young kid I have always been interested with aircraft. I was so curious of how airplane's fly. I remember taking my toys apart to see how it works. As a kid I wanted to go to the airport to watch the airplanes land and fly and pondered how this happens. Other kids wanted to go to the amusement places. As I grew older I became more and more interested in aircraft and the technology behind it. I always involved myself with aviation early on. I read books and magazines on aviation, took museum tours, built model airplanes. When I was younger my father would take me to aircraft repair facilities where I would watch in great fascination. In my teens, went up to the military bases and befriended many soldiers involved with aircraft and asked them numerous questions. I got to meet many aeronautics engineers and borrowed their old textbooks and read them till the wee hours of the morning. As technology improved with information superhighway, I logged on the web. Stayed up for hours and hours searching through web pages and web pages of information about aircraft and technology.    I started my elementary school in the Philippines, then we moved to U.S. and continued my high school education and graduated. Enrolled at the CCSF to pursue my college education and now I am in the 2nd year in CCSF taking aeronautics. My goal now is to obtain my AS degree from the City College of San Francisco (CCSF) so I can transfer to a University and get a Bachelors degree and to continue for my Masters degree in Aeronautics Engineering. I will strive hard to reach the peak level of my career which is a Professor and hopefully to be an aeronautic professor so can help and share my knowledge and experience to the new students who wish to be an aeronautics engineer someday. I completed 62 units from CCSF so far. Currently, I'm taking 21 units. With my hard work in doing my homework and submitted on time; studied hard and gained higher grades on my tests; and did extra credits, I was able to earned a GPA 4.0 last semester `and I was included on the current dean's list in aeronautic s. I received an achievement award for this presented in the Chancellor's Award Ceremony last December 1998 in CCSF.

Pill Bug Behaviors Lab

Pill Bug Behaviors Patricia Full Tiana Crosby P. D. 4-5 9/20/2012 Introduction The pill bug is the only crustaceans that can spend its entire life on land. Their shells look like armor and they are known for their ability to roll into a ball. Sometimes children call them roly-polies. Most pill bugs live for up to two years. They are most active at night. Pill bugs do not bite, sting or transmit diseases. They are perfectly safe to handle and are the perfect specimens for this experiment. This experiment is to test the reactions and behaviors of pill bugs when put in different environments and environmental situations.In the test it was tested how they reacted when 2 different sources of food that were put into the environment which was the choice chambers. The 2 foods we used were an apple and a piece of celery. I concluded by previous observations that the pill bugs would prefer the apple which is sweet over the bitter celery. Materials and procedure * 10-20 potato bugs * 1 choice c hamber * 1 petri dish * 1 apple * 1 stick of celery * Stop watch 1. Get a choice chamber and collect the bugs 2. Cut up the apple and celery and set them in the opposite sides of the chambers 3. Put 5 potato bugs in one chamber 5 in another 4.Observe noting the data for 10 minutes recording every half a minute(30 seconds) Conclusion In this experiment we studied the behavior of pill bugs in different situations. In the situation we put 2 different food sources in the choice chamber and let the bugs decide. The data supported my hypothesis that the bugs would prefer the sweet apple over the bitter celery. At the beginning we put 5 in each chamber and let them decide which they wanted. It showed that by the end of the test all or most of the bugs were in the apple chamber eating the apple. It proves my hypothesis as valid. ( For questions see attachment)

Analysis of Ethical Dilemma Essay

Britney, age 17, has been referred be execute of problems at check and a shoplifting charge. She admits to smoking roughly dope e genuinely now and past and having a drink or two with her friends. She is dressed in black with penetrate ears, nose, and lip. Her appearance is disheveled and her hygiene deplorable. She appears to be overly thin. Britneys p atomic number 18nts were divorced when she was 5 historic period old. She has a brother who is 5 years older. They handlingd to live with their breed in the same town as their father.Britney saw him frequently, although she cites he was always quick with work and she could never talk to him near much of anything. Britney grounds that her father was as hale as supple solely would usu tout ensemble in ally stop and lis ten dollar bill. She reports that her convey has a temper and is stressed all the time to the highest degree money and work. She also reports that her mom and dad still urge on about money and us kid s. She feels manage she is in the middle and is always existence asked to choose. Britney feels caught in the middle of conflict surrounded by her pargonnts. She interprets their existence too busy for her as non being wanted by them.Britneys rebellion serves to distract her come and father from their fighting and to unite them as they attempt to control her behavior. It also serves to dish solve the dilemma of whether she should leave seat, sledding her mother alone. She distances herself by using doses and intoxicant but cannot really leave home and her mother because of her ir accountable behavior. Her brother has the authority of doing well in the family, being responsible objet dart the p bents atomic number 18 in conflict. done the use of their roles, the estranged family continues to function, albeit less than satisfactorily.Britney and her mother and brother recently moved to a raw(a) area, and Britney is at a new school this year. She is currently in tenth grade and has average grades. Her new friends are different from her old friends, but they get down her for what she is. Britney found buy upance in a counterculture when she felt rejection at home. With divorced parents, a distant father, overly stressed mother, and parents sway over the kids, Britney has poor self-esteem and feels that she is the cause of roughly of the problems. She finds that using medicines with other kids relieves boredom, fear, and lone creesess.She feels strain and acceptable when she is using with them. The main honest concerns presented in the dilemma with references to the morals Britney uses cocain when with friends. She learned that using helps her fit inbe one of the gang. She described a new, well-defined group of peers who I alike(p) to hang out with and party with. She is regular supplied by a male class fellow at school who impregnated her while they are high on do do drugsss and sex. In addition, she has had around moderate scho ol- colligated problems (e. g. , lateness) and a shoplifting charge.She codeed a disgraced plea for shoplifting. But virtually two weeks before her sentencing hearing, Britney inform the judge and her marrow abuse direction that she was big(predicate) and is still on drugs. Hence, the complexity of this ethical dilemma arises. This parapraxis taps into the substance abuse counselor many another(prenominal) layers of person-to-person and professional beliefs. However, negociateful reading of the case reveals a firm commitment to come across not ignore fetal interests at bottom the framework of respect for the autonomy of the competent large(predicate) teenager.The case presented clearly relate to situations in which the with child(predicate) teenager is deemed incompetent. Hence, the counselor needs a clear penetration into the right burn up to interpret when a medical intervention can upbeat both fetus and mother, as in the case of Britney who is a teenager and is prone to or abuses drugs. Application of human assistant profession theories and techniques In this analysis, I remove some issues and concepts of libber moral philosophy, post-modernism, and critical speculation to reflect on an important squirts issue- restitution snugglees to gravid teenager who is polysubstance user. galore(postnominal) passel, including many law en piercement officials, child tribute agents, and legislators, think that teenagers who use drugs during pregnancy should be punished for the pervert or risks of harm they bring to their babies. I analyze this penalty turn up and argue that the situation of gravid teenager habituates does not satisfy the sources normally articulated by philosophers to justify penalty. A penalization approach, more than thanover, may capture male chauvinist and racist implications and ultimately operates more to preserve a social distinction amongst insiders and deviants than to protect children. or so of tho se who criticize a punishment approach to policy for pregnant addicts call for meaningful interference programs as an alternative. I interpret this treatment approach as a version of a feminist ethic of care. For the just about part, theorizing about the ethics of care has remained at the train of ontology and epistemology, with little discussion of how the ethics of care interprets concrete moral issues differently from more traditional approaches to ethics.By conceptualizing a treatment approach to pregnant teenage addict as justified by an ethics of care, I propose to understand this ethics of care as a moral framework for social policy. Although I jeer with a treatment approach to policy for pregnant teenage addicts, from a feminist point of view there are reasons to be suspicious of many aspects of regular drug treatment. Relying on Michel Foucaults notions of corrective great power and the operation of confessional discourse in therapy, I argue that treatment practicall y operates to adjust women to dominant gender, race, and class structures and depoliticizes and individualizes their situations.Thus, I conclude by offering a distinction in the midst of two meanings of potency in service provision, one that carcass individualizing, and one that develops social solidarity through thought raising and the possibility of collective action. penalization Punitive legislation regarding pregnant addicts has been considered in more than thirty states and by the U. S. Congress. Although the testimony of legal and medical experts appears to moderate succeeded in pr make upting the passage of congressional legislation, at least(prenominal)(prenominal) eight states now include drug exposure in utero in their definition of child abuse and neglect.In some(prenominal)(prenominal) states without such laws, prosecutors concur used animated drug-trafficking laws to file criminal charges against women who use cocaine or other controlled substances during pr egnancy. By July 1992 at least 167 women in twenty-six states had been arrested and charged criminally because of their use of drugs during pregnancy or because of some other antenatal risk. A number of these women have been found guilty and sentenced to as many as ten years in prison. The majority of these cases have involved women of color, even though sporting women also use illegal drugs.The careen that has been boiling about this punishment approach to policy for pregnant addicts appears in some of the appeals of these convictions. As of November 1992, twenty-one cases had been challenged or appealed, and all of these were dismissed or overturned (Roberts, 1991) As a result of increasing dissension over such retaliatory policies, some state and local governments have support treatment as a equilibrize or alternative to criminal punishment or child removal. Thus, California has enacted a law that requires drug treatment programs to throw away priority to pregnant women. The state of computed tomography has mandated that outreach workers seek out given mothers and mothers-to-be to back up them to get treatment. In the fall of 1991, the urban center of New York instituted a program that allows addicted women to take their babies home after birth, provided that they enter treatment and agree to weekly visits from a social worker (Larson1991). This program and many others that emphasize treatment over punishment nevertheless retain a penitentiary tendency to the degree that they are coercing women to have treatment. roughly prosecutors and policymakers who have pursued a punishment approach to pregnant addicts would disown that racist and sexist biases inform their practices. They pick out instead that they are exercising their obligations as state agents to protect infants from harm and to coincide accountable those responsible for such harms when they occur. Women who take cocaine or heroin while pregnant are want exactly and wittingly riskin g the lives or health of future persons and be to pay for such immoral harm. concentrated women who give birth to drug-affected babies serves notice to others that the state considers this a grave wrong and forget thus warn such behavior. As with most punishments, the primary justifications for punitive policies toward pregnant addicts are deterrence and retribution. Neither justification, however, is well grounded. A deterrence theory of punishment relies on an assumption that people lock up in some kind of live benefit calculation before victorious the actions the policies are aimed at. In some contexts this makes sense.If a city wishes to discourage illegal parking, it raises the fines and threatens to tow, and these policies commonly do work to reduce infractions. The motif that a pregnant addict weighs the benefits of taking drugs against the be of possible punishment, however, is implausible, because it selects that it is within her power to refrain from taking dru gs if she judges that the costs are too high. Many health professionals argue that punitive policies toward pregnant addicts does deter them from seeking prenatal care (Mann, 1991).Women are likely to avoid contact with healthcare providers if they consider that their drug use give be reported to state regimen who will punish them. Because drug-using pregnant womens fetuses and babies are oft at in particular high risk, they need prenatal forethought even more than most. Experts bring that the subtle effects of drug use on infants can be offset, at least in part, by good prenatal care, when health professionals are aware of a womans drug use in a supportive nonpunitive airwave (Paltrow, 1990)I think that retribution is most often implicitly or explicitly the operative justification for punitive approaches to pregnant addicts. These women ought to be punished and threatened with punishment because their wrongful actions deserve sanction. Such a retributive justification for a punitive approach to pregnant addicts must assume that these women are responsible both for their drug use and for their pregnancies if turndom is a condition for assigning responsibility, however, these are problematic assumptions.Most states where punitive policies toward pregnant addicts have been pursued do not prosecute people for drug use alone. Especially where this is so, women are essentially being punished for carrying a pregnancy to term. Such punishment must presuppose that women are responsible for being pregnant, but there are several social conditions that limit womens preference to be or not be pregnant. Ours is still a society where women often are not really free in their sexual relations with men. penetration to contraception, moreover, is not easy for many women, especially poor or young women. And, of course, even when they have it, the contraception sometimes does not work. With rapidly decreasing access to spontaneous abortion for all women in the United States, but especially for young or poor women, finally, fewer and fewer women have a choice about whether to carry a pregnancy to term (Lewin, 1992). Some prosecutors and policies claim to use a punishment approach primarily as means of further or forcing women into drug treatment.In line with the above arguments, one might say that a pregnant addict is virtuously blameworthy for harming her child only if she does not seek help in dealings with her drug use. In recent years some small steps have been taken to increase the availability of drug treatment for pregnant women, and to design programs specifically for their needs for the most part, however, access to more than perfunctory drug treatment is limited. Most programs either do not accept pregnant women or have hold lists that extend long beyond their collectible dates.Most private health insurance programs offer only partial reimbursement for treatment, and in many states Medicaid will reimburse only a portion of the cost of drug treatment. Most treatment programs are designed with mens lives in mind, and very few have childcare options. compulsory reporting laws or other procedures that force women into treatment, moreover, create an adversary and policing relation between healthcare providers and the women they are supposed to serve, thereby precluding the trust relationship most providers believe is necessary for effective drug therapy( Chavkin, 1991).

Humour in ‘Pride and Prejudice’

Humour is a key theme in the novel â€Å"Pride wired and Prejudice.† It plays a major role in entertaining the interested reader and providing important characteristics and features of the chinese characters in the novel. Humour is shown in the responses of other characters towards one another and the episdary style, which creates humour as it is written from the point of view of the character rather than the own style in which the rest of the novel is written in.In chapters 1-20 the general reader learns about the character of Mr.Laughter might be a superb antidote to stress.In previous chapter 13, Mr.Bennet receives a letter from Mr.Collins in which Mr.Collins informs Mr.Laughter is the medicine.

poor Jane Austins use of the letter in chapter 13 is a very clever general introduction to the character of Mr.Collins as it gives the general reader a brief insight to his character last even before the reader meets him. The letter reveals Mr.Collins as a person with an astonishing pomposity.Folks remember a great laugh.Furthermore, humour is conveyed in Mr.Collinss consistant use of apologies about inheriting the Longbourn estate.â€Å"I cannot be otherwise than concerned at well being the means of injuring your amiable daughters, and beg parental leave to aplogise for it, as well as to assure you of my readiness to own make them every possible amends- but of this hereafter.† Chapter 13.Humor special needs to be impulsive, nevertheless it has to be planned.

However, after reading the letter, the Bennets all react differently to its style and content. These comments logical and reactions are used to contrast their other characters and perceptions. Mrs.Bennet is immediately placated by Mr.Dont forget that sarcasm what does not have any place in the faculty.However, Elizabeth many questions his sense, which shows her â€Å"quickness†. Mary commends longer his clicheed composition, whereas, Catherine and little Lydia are not interested as he is not a soldier. Mr.Bennet meanwhile looks forward to the enjoyment of Mr.Its very nice to tease and have fun try once in a time.

He criticises their home, which is humorous, as we see how inconsiderate Mr.Collins is. He also does logical not seem to realise how he may be offending the Bennets.Mr.There what are lots of genres in humor.Mr.Collins uses long few sentences in the letter, which portray the shallowness of his character.In chapter 20, when Mr.Collins proposes to Elizabeth, his speech is stilted, pompous logical and governed by the overweening egotism.Media serves to strengthen Americans stereotype.

Collins reminds Elizabeth that since she has so little money to her name, part she may never receive another offer of marriage, which shows the reader Mr.Collinss selfishness, rudeness and how inconsiderate he is.Humour is also highlighted in Mr.Collinss marriage proposal when Elizabeth refuses to marry him.Stress is a component in the evolution of sexual dysfunctions.He continuously praises her in his letter and compares her keyword with everything and everyone. He says how that she is an â€Å"honourable† lady â€Å"whose bounty and private beneficence has preferred me to the valuable rectory of much his parish, where it shall be my earnest endeavour to demean myself with grateful respect towards how her ladyship.† His descriptions of Lady Catherine de little Bourgh in the letter are very humorous and Mr.Collinss artificiality is reinforced.Often it feels the same to everyone, even if what many causes the anxiety differs.

Mrs.Philips soon realises that he is tedious snob.Finally, humour throughout â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† old has been successful. Throughout chapters 1-20 we see the various ways in which humour is portrayed through the moral character of Mr.Performance anxiety or fear of operation, is a well-known phenomenon in men who are worried over how their reply and endurance of erection.No matter the reason it remains a societal fear for a lot of us.Four things to do to make life simpler.

Change up your thinking and discover out how youre feeling.Among the most frequent thoughts are that nothing is likely to go right.Figuring out approaches to control or lower your anxiety can offer assist.Others armed might feel like they arent great expressing emotions or feelings publicly.